Brain stroke prediction using cnn python example. June 2021; Sensors 21 .

Brain stroke prediction using cnn python example. ones on Heart stroke prediction.

Brain stroke prediction using cnn python example “Gagana[14]” proposed that the Identification of stroke id done by using Brain CT images with the application of ML-based methods in brain stroke. com. Star 4. You signed in with another tab or window. May not generalize to other datasets. deep-learning traffic-analysis cnn cnn-model brain-stroke-prediction detects-stroke In this study, we develop a machine learning algorithm for the prediction of stroke in the brain, and this prediction is carried out from the real-time samples of electromyography (EMG) data. Aswini,P. The key components of the approaches used and results obtained are that among the five different classification algorithms used Naïve Jun 22, 2021 · Deep Learning-Based Stroke Disease Prediction System Using Real-Time Bio Signals. 6 Module Description: The brain stroke prediction module using machine learning aims to predict the likelihood of a stroke based on input data. This repository contains a Deep Learning model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for predicting strokes from CT scans. Given the rising prevalence of strokes, it is critical to understand the many factors that contribute to these occurrences. It customizes data handling, applies transformations, and trains the model using cross-entropy loss with an Adam optimizer. [9] “Effective Analysis and Predictive Model of Stroke Disease using Classification Methods”-A. Apr 21, 2023 · Peco602 / brain-stroke-detection-3d-cnn. Anto, "Tumor detection and classification of MRI brain image using wavelet transform and SVM", 2017 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communic… The Brain Stroke Prediction project has the potential to significantly impact healthcare by aiding medical professionals in identifying individuals at high risk of stroke. This repository contains a Deep Learning model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for predicting strokes from CT scans. where P k, c is the prediction or probability of k-th model in class c, where c = {S t r o k e, N o n − S t r o k e}. There is a collection of all sentimental words in the data dictionary. h5"). No use of XAI: Brain MRI images: 2023: TECNN: 96. Visualization : Includes model performance metrics such as accuracy, ROC curve, PR curve, and confusion matrix. integrated wavelet entropy-based spider web plots and probabilistic neural networks to classify brain MRI, which were normal brain, stroke, degenerative disease, infectious disease, and brain tumor in their study. 2022. This project aims to detect brain tumors using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). 3. Jul 24, 2024 · The aim of the study is to develop a reliable and efficient brain stroke prediction system capable of accurately predicting brain stroke. The project utilizes a dataset of MRI images and integrates advanced ML techniques with deep learning to achieve accurate tumor detection. The system will be used by hospitals to detect the patient’s Jul 29, 2022 · Now everything is ready to use our model. GridDB. Jan 10, 2025 · In , differentiation between a sound brain, an ischemic stroke, and a hemorrhagic stroke is done by the categorization of stroke from CT scans and is facilitated by the authors using an IoT platform. Nov 21, 2024 · This document describes a student project that aims to develop a machine learning model for heart disease identification and prediction. The process involves training a machine learning model on a large labelled dataset to recognize patterns and anomalies associated with strokes. “Chetan Sharma[13]” proposed that the prediction of stroke is done with the help of datamining and determines the reduce of stroke. SaiRohit Abstract A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. 9985596 Corpus ID: 255267780; Brain Stroke Prediction Using Deep Learning: A CNN Approach @article{Reddy2022BrainSP, title={Brain Stroke Prediction Using Deep Learning: A CNN Approach}, author={Madhavi K. It standardizes the brain stroke dataset and evaluates the performance of different classifiers. Symptoms may appear when the brain's blood flow and other nutrients are disrupted. This is a deep learning model that detects brain stroke based on brain scans. Vasavi,M. 928: Early detection of post-stroke pneumonia will help to provide necessary treatment and to avoid severe outcomes. Proposed system is an automation Stroke prediction and its stages using classification techniques CNN, Densenet and VGG16 Classifier to compare the performance of these above techniques based on their execution time A. Abstract—Stroke segmentation plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients by providing spatial information about affected brain regions and the extent of damage. - Akshit1406/Brain-Stroke-Prediction Jan 24, 2023 · This section demonstrates the results of using CNN to classify brain strokes using different estimation parameters such as accuracy, recall accuracy, F-score, and we use a mixing matrix to show true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative values. Accuracy can be improved: 3. ly/47CJxIr(or)To buy this proje May 3, 2024 · Based on the above, this study proposed a stroke outcome prediction method based on the combined strategy of dynamic and static features extracted from the whole brain. In healthcare, digital twins are gaining popularity for monitoring activities like diet, physical activity, and sleep. If you want to view the deployed model, click on the following link:. The random forest classifier provided the highest accuracy among the models for detecting brain stroke. Oct 30, 2024 · 2. Explore and run machine learning code with Kaggle Notebooks | Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Kaggle uses cookies from Google to deliver and enhance the quality of its services and to analyze traffic. Collection Datasets We are going to collect datasets for the prediction from the kaggle. They have used a decision tree algorithm for the feature selection process, a PCA Dec 28, 2024 · Failure to predict stroke promptly may lead to delayed treatment, causing severe consequences like permanent neurological damage or death. III. Here are 7 public repositories matching this topic This repository contains a Deep Learning model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for predicting strokes from CT scans. There have been enormous studies on stroke prediction. Several risk factors believe to be related to May 15, 2024 · Brain stroke detection using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models such as VGG16, ResNet50, and DenseNet121 is successfully accomplished by presenting a framework and fundamental principles. In recent years, some DL algorithms have approached human levels of performance in object recognition . It discusses scoring metrics like CHADS2 that evaluate risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, age, and previous strokes. Python 3. and Random Forest are examples of machine learning algorithms. Different kinds of work have different kinds of problems and challenges which can be the possible reason for excitement, thrill, stress, etc. Many predictive strategies have been widely used in clinical decision-making, such as forecasting disease occurrence, disease outcome Nov 1, 2022 · In our experiment, another deep learning approach, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is implemented for the prediction of stroke. It takes different values such as Glucose, Age, Gender, BMI etc values as input and predict whether the person has risk of stroke or not. Ischemic Stroke, transient ischemic attack. The goal is to build a reliable model that can assist in diagnosing brain tumors from MRI scans. the traditional bagging technique in predicting brain stroke with more than 96% accuracy. Stroke is the leading cause of bereavement and disability So, let’s build this brain tumor detection system using convolutional neural networks. Code Brain stroke prediction using machine learning. In later sections, we describe the use of GridDB to store the dataset used in this article. (2019), In this study author used aa data from a population-based cohort to develop machine learning models for stroke prediction. based on deep learning. Work Type. 🛒Buy Link: https://bit. Mar 15, 2024 · It used a random forest algorithm trained on a dataset of patient attributes. The features in multiple dimensions and states were calculated through in-depth mining of features in the whole brain, and the prediction accuracy was improved. This paper is based on predicting the occurrence of a brain stroke using Machine Learning. High model complexity may hinder practical deployment. Medical input remains crucial for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the need for extensive data collection. In [17], stroke prediction was made using different Artificial Intelligence methods over the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) dataset. 9. Bayesian Rule Lists are proposed to generate rules to predict stroke risk using decision lists. To the best of our knowledge there is no detailed review about the application of ML for brain stroke. This is our final year research based project using machine learning algorithms . The suggested method uses a Convolutional neural network to classify brain stroke images into normal and pathological categories. Stroke Prediction Project This repository consists of files required to deploy a Machine Learning Web App created with Flask and deployed using Heroku platform. First, in the pre-processing stage, they used two dimensional (2D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for brain images. Kalchbrenner et al. Padmavathi,P. Sep 21, 2022 · DOI: 10. pip Jun 24, 2022 · We are using Windows 10 as our main operating system. Deep learning in Python uses a CNN model to categorize brain MRI images for Alzheimer's stages. Nov 19, 2024 · Welcome to the ultimate guide on Brain Stroke Prediction Using Python & Machine Learning ! In this video, we'll walk you through the entire process of making We analyze a stroke dataset and formulate advanced statistical models for predicting whether a person has had a stroke based on measurable predictors. June 2021; Sensors 21 there is a need for studies using brain waves with AI. An application of ML and Deep Learning in health care is growing however, some research areas do not catch enough attention for scientific investigation though there is real need of research. Reload to refresh your session. Seeking medical help right away can help prevent brain damage and other complications. [35] 2. This research attempts to diagnose brain stroke from MRI using CNN and deep learning models. Seeking medical help right away Several kinds of commercial software mainly use segmentation threshold to predict core infarct area and ischemic penumbra, for example, Rapid, F-stroke, E-stroke, and Vitra . Early intervention and preventive measures can be taken to reduce the likelihood of stroke occurrence, potentially saving lives and improving the quality of life for patients. Sep 21, 2022 · A CT scan (computed tomography) image dataset is used to predict and classify strokes to create a deep learning application that identifies brain strokes using a convolution neural network. • To investigate, evaluate, and categorize research on brain stroke using CT or MRI scans. Note: Perceptron Learning Algorithm (PLA), K-Center with Radial Basis Functions (RBF), Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), Linear Oct 1, 2020 · Prediction of post-stroke pneumonia in the stroke population in China [26] LR, SVM, XGBoost, MLP and RNN (i. g. achieved a classifier performance of up to 98. In theSection 2, we review some literature about ML and brain stroke field whereas, Section 3 presents the study design and selection, search strategy, and categorization of the Sep 6, 2023 · Request PDF | On Sep 6, 2023, Nicole Felice and others published Brain Stroke Prediction Using Random Forest Method with Tuning Parameter | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Apr 22, 2023 · Stroke is a health ailment where the brain plasma blood vessel is ruptured, triggering impairment to the brain. Brain Tumor Detection System. However, Koopman et al. demonstrated that their proposed 13-layer CNN [ 27 ] model showed better performance in comparative experiments with AlexNet [ 28 ] and ResNET50 [ 29 ]. This repository contains the code and documentation for a project focused on the early detection of brain tumors using machine learning (ML) algorithms and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A new prototype of a mobile AI health system has also been developed with high-accuracy results, which are Dec 10, 2022 · Brain Stroke is considered as the second most common cause of death. This involves using Python, deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch, and specialized medical imaging datasets for training and validation. ones on Heart stroke prediction. CNN have been shown to have excellent performance in automating multiple image classification and detection tasks. Segmenting stroke lesions accurately is a challeng-ing task, given that conventional manual techniques are time-consuming and prone to errors. This book is an accessible This repository contains code for a project on brain tumor detection using CNNs, implemented in Python using the TensorFlow and Keras libraries. Sakthivel and Shiva Prasad Kaleru}, journal={2022 4th International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing About. The proposed methodology is to BRAIN STROKE PREDICTION BY USING MACHINE LEARNING S. Oct 1, 2023 · A brain stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is disturbed or reduced, which causes the brain cells in that area to die. BrainStroke: A Python-based project for real-time detection and analysis of stroke symptoms using machine learning algorithms. Long short-term memory (LSTM), a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), is well-known Brain stroke prediction dataset. As we are using Python as our main programming language, we will need to prepare the environment to use GridDB with Python. Feb 11, 2022 · In this article you will learn how to build a stroke prediction web app using python and flask. The paper evaluates the reliability of different imaging modalities and their potential contribution to developing robust prediction models. 8: Prediction of final lesion in The majority of previous stroke-related research has focused on, among other things, the prediction of heart attacks. The study uses synthetic samples for training the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and then the testing is conducted in real-time samples. Brain stroke has been the subject of very few studies. This code is implementation for the - A. 77%. Stroke symptoms belong to an emergency condition, the sooner the patient is treated, the more chance the patient recovers. If the user is at risk for a brain stroke, the model will predict the outcome based on that risk, and vice versa if they do not. a stroke clustering and prediction system called Stroke MD. Stroke is a medical disorder in which the blood arteries in the brain are ruptured, causing damage to the brain. The Python code described in the article is executed in Jupyter notebook. Utilizes EEG signals and patient data for early diagnosis and intervention Jun 22, 2021 · For example, in a study classifying hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke using brain CT images, Gautam et al. The project involves training a CNN model on a dataset of medical images to detect the presence of brain tumors, with the goal of improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis. Performance is assessed with accuracy, classification reports, and confusion matrices. stroke with the help of user friendly application interface. Dorr et al. This GitHub repository serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and data scientists interested in predicting brain stroke occurrences. By using a collection of brain imaging scans to train CNN models, the authors are able to accurately distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. CNN achieved 100% accuracy. However, their application in predicting serious conditions such as heart attacks, brain strokes and cancers remains under investigation, with current research showing limited accuracy in such A Multi-Class Brain Tumor Classifier using Convolutional Neural Network with 99% Accuracy achieved by applying the method of Transfer Learning using Python and Pytorch Deep Learning Framework deep-learning cnn torch pytorch neural-networks classification accuracy resnet transfer-learning brain resnet-50 transferlearning cnn-classification brain For the last few decades, machine learning is used to analyze medical dataset. The model aims to assist in early detection and intervention of strokes, potentially saving lives and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of Jan 20, 2023 · The brain is the human body's primary upper organ. 01 %: 1. . So, what is this Brain Tumor Detection System? A brain tumor detection system is a system that will predict whether the given image of the brain has a tumor or not. Aug 5, 2022 · In this video,Im implemented some practical way of machine learning model development approaches with brain stroke prediction data👥For Collab, Sponsors & Pr The followed approach is based on the usage of a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in place of a standard 2D one. The project aims to create a user-friendly application with a frontend in Python and backend in MySQL to analyze stroke data and provide risk predictions. [7] The title is "Machine Learning Techniques in Stroke Prediction: A Comprehensive Review" Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. Dec 1, 2021 · This document summarizes different methods for predicting stroke risk using a patient's historical medical information. The model achieved promising results in accurately predicting the likelihood of stroke. It is now a day a leading cause of death all over the world. [8] “Focus on stroke: Predicting and preventing stroke” Michael Regnier- This paper focuses on cutting-edge prevention of stroke. Discussion. You signed out in another tab or window. In addition, three models for predicting the outcomes have Sep 15, 2022 · Check Average Glucose levels amongst stroke patients in a scatter plot. Future Direction: Incorporate additional types of data, such as patient medical history, genetic information, and clinical reports, to enhance the predictive accuracy and reliability of the model. Avanija and M. The Brain stroke prediction model is trained on a public dataset provided by the Kaggle . But still gave 99. Model predicts the Outcome: Using a trained machine learning model, the likelihood that a user will experience a stroke is calculated. Contribute to kishorgs/Brain-Stroke-Detection-Using-CNN development by creating an account on GitHub. The model is trained on a dataset of brain MRI images, which are categorized into two classes: Healthy and Tumor. The best algorithm for all classification processes is the convolutional neural network. The administrator will carry out this procedure. would have a major risk factors of a Brain Stroke. Globally, 3% of the population are affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage… Machine Learning (ML) delivers an accurate and quick prediction outcome and it has become a powerful tool in health settings, offering personalized clinical care for stroke patients. No use of XAI: Brain MRI • An administrator can establish a data set for pattern matching using the Data Dictionary. slices in a CT scan. Sudha, Jan 14, 2025 · A digital twin is a virtual model of a real-world system that updates in real-time. Brain Stroke Prediction is an AI tool using machine learning to predict the likelihood of a person suffering from a stroke by analyzing medical history, lifestyle, and other relevant data. Jan 1, 2022 · Considering the above case, in this paper, we have proposed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model as a solution that predicts the probability of stroke of a patient in an early stage to Sep 21, 2022 · PDF | On Sep 21, 2022, Madhavi K. We use GridDB as our main database that stores the data used in the machine learning model. Jul 1, 2022 · The objective of this research to develop the optimal model to predict brain stroke using Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA's), namely Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC A Machine Learning Model to Predict a Diagnosis of Brain Stroke | Python IEEE Final Year Project 2024. The main motivation of this paper is to demonstrate how ML may be used to forecast the onset of a brain stroke. 1109/ICIRCA54612. This research paper introduces a new predictive analytics model for stroke prediction using technologies of mobile health, and artificial intelligence algorithms such as stacked CNN, GMDH, and LSTM models [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. The code implements a CNN in PyTorch for brain tumor classification from MRI images. A stroke or a brain attack is one of the foremost causes of adult humanity and infirmity. But first we have to save the model using model. , attention based GRU) 13,930: EHR data: within 7 days of post-stroke by GRU: AUC= 0. For the 2nd model, I used dropout regularization. The situation when the blood circulation of some areas of brain cut of is known as brain stroke. Early detection using deep learning (DL) and machine Created a Web Application using Streamlit and Machine learning models on Stroke prediciton Whether the paitent gets a stroke or not on the basis of the feature columns given in the dataset This Streamlit web app built on the Stroke Prediction dataset from Kaggle aims to provide a user-friendly biomarkers associated with stroke prediction. Despite 96% accuracy, risk of overfitting persists with the large dataset. Bosubabu,S. Mathew and P. Contribute to Chando0185/Brain_Stroke_Prediction development by creating an account on GitHub. I. 2D CNNs are commonly used to process both grayscale (1 channel) and RGB images (3 channels), while a 3D CNN represents the 3D equivalent since it takes as input a 3D volume or a sequence of 2D frames, e. Considering the above stated problems, this paper presents an automatic stroke detection system using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). There have lots of reasons for brain stroke, for instance, unusual blood circulation across the brain. Real-world examples and use cases are included to demonstrate the practical application of the stroke prediction solution. By implementing a structured roadmap, addressing challenges, and continually refining our approach, we achieved promising results that could aid in early stroke detection. Machine Learning Model: CNN model built using TensorFlow for classifying brain stroke based on CT scan images. This attribute contains data about what kind of work does the patient. Very less works have been performed on Brain stroke. The basic requirements you will need is basic knowledge on Html, CSS, Python and Functions in python. - AkramOM606/DeepLearning-CNN-Brain-Stroke-Prediction Nov 22, 2024 · Stroke is a serious medical condition that can result in death as it causes a sudden loss of blood supply to large portions of brain. It's much more monumental to diagnostic the brain stroke or not for doctor, but the main Dec 16, 2022 · Text prediction and classification are crucial tasks in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. We use a set of electronic health records (EHRs) of the patients (43,400 patients) to train our stacked machine learning model Nov 26, 2021 · Stroke is a medical disorder in which the blood arteries in the brain are ruptured, causing damage to the brain. 3. It's a medical emergency; therefore getting help as soon as possible is critical. 605% accuracy on the completely unseen test dataset. Optimised configurations are applied to each deep CNN model in order to meet the requirements of the brain stroke prediction challenge. To implement a brain stroke system using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and ML algorithms (Random Forest, Decision tree, Logistic Regression, KNN) for more accurate result. The effectiveness of several machine learning (ML Implement an AI system leveraging medical image analysis and predictive modeling to forecast the likelihood of brain strokes. The purpose of this paper is to develop an automated early ischemic stroke detection system using CNN deep learning algorithm. using 1D CNN and batch Dec 26, 2023 · Download Citation | Brain Stroke Prediction Using Deep Learning | AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) and Big Data Analytics are catalyzing a healthcare revolution. Jupyter Notebook is used as our main computing platform to execute Python cells. Reddy and others published Brain Stroke Prediction Using Deep Learning: A CNN Approach | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Developed using libraries of Python and Decision Tree Algorithm of Machine learning. ResNet's residual connections aid in training deeper layers effectively, improving model performance by capturing complex spatial relationships. The study shows how CNNs can be used to diagnose strokes. D. One of the greatest strengths of ML is its Using CNN and deep learning models, this study seeks to diagnose brain stroke images. A strong prediction framework must be developed to identify a person's risk for stroke. e. User Interface : Tkinter-based GUI for easy image uploading and prediction. INTRODUCTION Machine Learning (ML) delivers an accurate and quick prediction outcome and it has become a powerful tool in health settings, offering personalized clinical care for stroke patients. Accuracy can be improved 3. In addition, we compared the CNN used with the results of other studies. save("model. [34] 2. python database analysis pandas sqlite3 brain-stroke. You switched accounts on another tab or window. 75 %: 1. Keywords - Machine learning, Brain Stroke. Stacking. Reddy and Karthik Kovuri and J. An overview of ML based automated algorithms for stroke outcome prediction is provided in Table 1 (Section B). Stacking [] belongs to ensemble learning methods that exploit several heterogeneous classifiers whose predictions were, in the following, combined in a meta-classifier. Recently, deep learning technology gaining success in many domain including computer vision, image recognition, natural language processing and especially in medical field of radiology. This project provides a comprehensive comparison between SVM and CNN models for brain stroke detection, highlighting the strengths of CNN in handling complex image data. Apr 27, 2023 · The proposed system uses an ensemble of machine learning algorithms like KNN, decision tree, random forest, SVM and CatBoost for classification. In this model, the goal is to create a deep learning application that identifies brain strokes using a convolution neural network. Jan 31, 2025 · Early brain stroke detection using a CNN-based ResNet harnesses deep learning's power for intricate feature extraction from medical images, vital for spotting subtle stroke indications early. Demonstration application is under development. It is shown that glucose levels are a random variable and were high amongst stroke patients and non-stroke patients. Mar 8, 2024 · Here are three potential future directions for the "Brain Stroke Image Detection" project: Integration with Multi-Modal Data:. Jan 31, 2022 · This was a simple model with no regularization, nothing. This dataset comprises 4,981 records, with a distribution of 58% females and 42% males, covering age ranges from 8 months to 82 years. Stress is never good for health, let’s see how this variable can affect the chances of having a stroke. have noted that CTP maps are unreliable in about 13% of cases when using Rapid, and most maps are not reliable for patients with erroneous Tmax Oct 21, 2024 · Observation: People who are married have a higher stroke rate. Test and use the model: To use this model and classify some images, first we should Over the past few years, stroke has been among the top ten causes of death in Taiwan. Nowadays, it is a very common disease and the number of patients who attack by brain stroke is skyrocketed. When the supply of blood and other nutrients to the brain is interrupted, symptoms May 27, 2022 · Anaconda Navigator (Jupyter notebook). Many such stroke prediction models have emerged over the recent years. According to the WHO, stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death worldwide. In our configuration, the number of hidden layers is four while the first two layers are convolutional layers and the last two layers are linear layers, the hyperparameters of the CNN model is given in Table 4 . The proposed architectures were InceptionV3, Vgg-16, MobileNet, ResNet50, Xception and VGG19. For example, “Stroke prediction using machine learning classifiers in the general population” by M. It discusses existing heart disease diagnosis techniques, identifies the problem and requirements, outlines the proposed algorithm and methodology using supervised learning classification algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbors and logistic regression. Saritha et al. Jul 28, 2020 · Machine learning techniques for brain stroke treatment. No use of XAI: Brain MRI images: 2023: CNN with GNN: 95. Stroke Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms Rishabh Gurjar 1 , Sahana H K 1 , Neelambika C 1 , Sparsha B Sathish 1 , Ramys S 2 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Jun 12, 2024 · This code provides the Matlab implementation that detects the brain tumor region and also classify the tumor as benign and malignant. We use Python thanks Anaconda Navigator that allow deploying isolated working environments. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or ruptures. pmqwmqt pkhabz bccf tnlei imyrtjtk exoswnxiz sljw hwww ypzfilr gegsq hzsnydct tjtqj xrrk akzlou moved