Ptolemaic egypt. ), replicates the usual types of the tetradrachm.

Ptolemaic egypt. 300 BCE) What happened? The Ptolemaic Egyptian Kingdom (305-30 BCE) was the longest and last Egyptian dynasty, and was the wealthiest and most powerful successor state of Alexander the Great. It has extensive notes and recommendations for further reading, which make it a good starting point for readers interested in learning more about Ptolemaic Egypt. The term ‘society’, however, means here primarily the Egyptians and the Jun 11, 2024 · The Ptolemaic empire's provincial coinage included issues of Macedonian and Thracian mints under its control. In this article, Isaiah Reitan highlights the colonial aspects of ancient Egypt, namely how its Macedonian Greek rulers brought about widespread cultural exchange across a variety of political avenues and religious spheres. Apr 24, 2025 · Explore the Ptolemaic Empire Egypt downfall and its significant causes, leading to the end of this ancient dynasty. Oct 13, 2021 · Augustus’ conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt and the annexation of this wealthy region in 30 BCE caused a profound change in Egyptian society and facilitated the rise of the Roman Empire. Large Ptolemaic Bronzes in Third-Century Egyptian Hoards - AJN Second Series 12 (2000) pp 67-92. This is Jun 9, 2025 · The Ptolemies were members of the final dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs, members of a Greek family based in Alexandria. ɪk/; Koinē Greek: Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, romanized: Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) [] was an ancient Hellenistic state based in Egypt. It became one of Egypt’s most powerful dynasties, ruling for almost 300 years. Manning attempts to bring Ptolemaic Egypt, and the economic policies of the Ptolemaic state, out of isolation from other fields of ancient Mediterranean history. There are two very useful collections of demotic documents in German translation: Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae and Demotic Palaeographical Database Project. The existence of a professional police force made Egypt different from ancient societies like the Roman Ptolemaic Kingdom of EgyptAncient Egypt History > Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt Background The Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt was a Hellenistic state that lasted from 305 BCE to 30 BCE. Jan 24, 2024 · Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BC and after his death, his empire was divided. Jul 13, 2025 · Ancient Egypt - Ptolemies, Dynasties, Pharaohs: The changes brought to Egypt by the Ptolemies were momentous; the land’s resources were harnessed with unparalleled efficiency, with the result that Egypt became the wealthiest of the Hellenistic kingdoms. The amount of land under cultivation was increased, and new crops were introduced (especially important was the introduction of naked tetraploid wheat, Triticum The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 B. Initially the generals ruled in the name of Alexander’s heirs, but Ptolemy proclaimed himself king in 305 BCE. ɪk /; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai; after Ptolemy I 's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek [1][2][3][4][5] royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. The example shown above, issued by Ptolemy VI in year 106 of an uncertain era (perhaps equating 157/6 B. Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ, lit. The Ptolemaic Dynasty was a powerful Macedonian royal family that ruled Egypt from 323 BCE until 30 BCE. He and his successors continued to rule Egypt until the Romans conquered it in 30 BCE, suppressing Egypt fed the Mediterranean world, and the fertile soil of the Nile River valley enriched the rulers. This allowed for considerable chronological and local adminis-trative variations, which should be taken Ptolemaic Kingdom was an Ancient Greek state based in Egypt during the Hellenistic Period. Egypt had been independent for most of the fourth century BC, but was reconquered by the Persian Empire in the 340s. [9] It was founded in 305 BC by the Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty until the death of Jan 7, 2025 · These include a simple timeline, family trees of the Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties, an explanation of the royal titulary used by Ptolemaic queens, and an overview of Ptolemaic coinage. [2] After the Seleucid Kingdom led by Antiochus III the Great conquered The discovery was made within the ruins of a 7th-century AD house during the mission’s excavations at Taposiris Magna, 45 kilometers west of Alexandria. Born of a Ptolemy, she became queen at the early age of 17. Ptolemy was basileus and pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 305/304 BC to his death in 282 BC, [note Mar 1, 2021 · Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt : case studies in the social history of the Hellenistic world by Lewis, Naphtali Publication date 1986 Topics Greeks -- Egypt, Egypt -- Civilization -- 332 B. The coverage includes religion, material culture and the distinctive relationship between Egypt and the Roman Empire, and there is some discussion of The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt was a Greco-Egyptian dynasty that reigned during the Hellenistic Period. [7] Tyre was the most important coastal city out of the five Ptolemaic cities with a mint in Syria. The Aftermath […] Feb 12, 2025 · Ptolemaic police, or phylakitai, were responsible for law enforcement throughout Ptolemaic Egypt. The first is that the historian of Ptolemaic Egypt cannot call at will on written sources contemporary with the period he is describing. c. By revealing the dynamics between central and local power in Egypt, the book shows that Ptolemaic economic power ultimately shaped Roman Egyptian social and economic institutions. In The last pharaohs, J. From the time of Ptolemy I Soter at the moment of writing this note (January 1980) I know of only two certainly dated Greek NOW IN PAPERBACK (June 2019) This is the only substantial and up-to-date reference work on the Ptolemaic army. ɪk /; Koinē Greek: Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, romanized:Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) [7] or Ptolemaic Empire[8] was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Apr 1, 2014 · Abstract This article explores the character (s) of Ptolemaic kingship in Egypt. ), replicates the usual types of the tetradrachm. Its develop-ment was a slow, continuous, and flexible process in which the main actors were the regional and local state representatives rather than the central state itself. , Ptolemy crowned himself king, establishing one of the most important and flourishing Hellenistic monarchies. The Ptolemies directly owned almost half of Egypt’s farmland, and Egyptian exports of grain, linen, and other goods helped fund the empire’s expansion. Jul 11, 2024 · Learn about the period of Egyptian history when the Macedonian Ptolemaic dynasty ruled from 323 to 30 BCE. Oct 8, 2020 · Abstract The book contains twelve chapters, by various authors, discussing aspects of the Greek and Egyptian bilingual and trilingual inscriptions from Egypt during the Ptolemaic period, from the conquest by Alexander the Great (332 bc) to the death of Kleopatra VII (30 bc). To the south of Egypt, the Kushites had expanded into Lower Nubia between the first and second cataracts during the period of Persian rule. The Last Pharaohs , the first detailed history of Ptolemaic Egypt as a state, departs radically from previous studies by putting the Ptolemaic state firmly in the context of both Hellenistic and Egyptian history. It was ruled by Ptolemy I Soter or “Ptolemy the Savior,” who founded the Ptolemaic Dynasty. The Ptolemies reigned for nearly three centuries, marking the Nov 28, 2024 · Ptolemaic Egypt refers to the Hellenistic period in Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC, characterized by the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which began with Ptolemy I Soter, a general under Alexander the Great. ɪk /; Koinē Greek: Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) [7] or Ptolemaic Empire[8] was an ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. This is essential background for Ptolemaic history since it meant that Alexander was welcomed as a Ptolemy I Soter (/ ˈtɒləmi /; Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaîos Sōtḗr, "Ptolemy the Savior "; c. Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last dynasty of ancient Jul 11, 2025 · Ptolemaic dynasty - Administration and economy: The changes brought to Egypt by the Ptolemies were momentous. The Ptolemy Keraunos types were formerly attributed to 'Paroreia' and the S. Psoma discovered these types (two denominations, see the Metrology study in 2013 ANS) are Macedonian and associated with Ptolemaic rule. Mohamed Ismail Khaled, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that the large size of the discovered head, standing at 2 days ago · Ancient Egypt was a civilization in northeastern Africa that dates from the 4th millennium BCE. Ptolemy, son of Lagos took control of Egypt and governed the country until 305 BC, when he was crowned King. The culture was a complex mixture of Egyptian and Greek traditions, best represented by the Oct 30, 2024 · Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistus was the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt from 204 BC until his death in 180 BC. In the end, she was unsuccessful and in 30 B. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts, respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The Ptolemaic Kingdom was characterized by a The Ptolemaic Kingdom (/ ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ. In the ancient world, the trend for having great kings called a living god or son of a god became quite popular, and Egypt serves as a perfect example of how this grand title worked to connect two cultures under a single crown and authenticated the Ptolemaic dynasty’s sovereignty over Egypt. More broadly still Nov 19, 2020 · Kyriakos Savvopoulos, Religious Life in Ptolemaic Alexandria under the Royal Aegis: An Overview of the Epigraphic Evidence In: The Epigraphy of Ptolemaic Egypt. It was founded in 305 BC by the Macedonian general Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. He took advantage of Egypt's geographical position and expanded Egypt's role in trade networks Feb 22, 2025 · The Rise of the Ptolemaic Dynasty The Ptolemaic Dynasty was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a general under Alexander the Great. A study of both the structures of the Ptolemaic army and its military operations under the first four kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty, designed to evaluate the three chief purposes of the army, change over time in structures and mechanism, success and Ptolemaic dominions in 200 BC Coinage was used in the Ptolemaic Kingdom during the last dynasty of Egypt and, briefly, during Roman rule of Egypt. The land’s resources were harnessed with unparalleled efficiency, making Egypt the wealthiest of the Hellenistic kingdoms. The Ptolemaic Dynasty was a Macedonian Greek kingdom in Egypt that incorporated elements of both Greek and Egyptian culture. ). Jul 16, 2024 · Ptolemaic Egypt, from 305 to 30 BCE, was marked by the fusion of Greek and Egyptian cultures, creating a unique and varied sartorial tradition. After remarks on the king’s court and principles of state organization, the concept of the Hellenistic basileus is explained by using Ptolemy III as a model of the Ptolemaic king. Sep 24, 2019 · The Ptolemaic dynasty was founded by Ptolemy I Soter who declared himself king of Egypt and created a powerful empire that ruled for 275 years from 305-30 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty, established by Ptolemy I, marked a significant era characterized by political intrigue, cultural flourishing, and the integration of Hellenistic influences. It was founded by King Ptolemy I. His descendants ruled Egypt until the death of Cleopatra VII on August 12, 30 bce. What was Egypt like under Roman rule? How was it Tyre, as all other Phoenician cities, belongs to the Ptolemies, rulers of hellenistic Egypt. To gain This compelling narrative provides the only comprehensive guide in English to the rise and decline of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt over three centuries - from the death of Alexander in 323 BC to the tragic deaths of Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BC. Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last dynasty The Egyptian Greeks, also known as Egyptiotes (Greek: Αιγυπτιώτες, romanized: Eyiptiótes) or simply Greeks in Egypt (Greek: Έλληνες της Αιγύπτου, romanized: Éllines tis Eyíptou), are the ethnic Greek community from Egypt that has existed from the Hellenistic period until the aftermath of the Egyptian coup d'état of 1952, when most were forced to leave. While wars of succession and power struggles raged across the crumbling empire, Ptolemy continued to rule in Egypt. It was founded by Ptolemy I, a general and successor of Alexander the Great. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves the successors The history of Ptolemaic Egypt has usually been doubly isolated--separated both from the history of other Hellenistic states and from the history of ancient Egypt. The dynasty, however, also experienced periods of instability. The skilful integration of material from a vast array of sources allows the reader to trace the political and religious development of one of the most Ptolemy IV Philopator[note 1] (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ, romanized: Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr; "Ptolemy, lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC. The complex and devious diplomacy that surrounded the wars was characteristic of the Hellenistic monarchies. This Greek dynasty came to an end when the Romans defeated the famous Mark Antony and Cleopatra. E. ” Image: Coinage of Ptolemy V. The book investigates the evolving healthcare landscape, from the perspectives of all societal classes, and highlights the negotiation of sociocultural identities through medical choices. Over the course of nearly 300 years, the Ptolemies built a rich and complex culture in Egypt, blending their Greek heritage with the traditions of the Oct 30, 2018 · The Ptolemaic line, of Macedonian-Greek ethnicity, would continue to rule Egypt until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE when it was taken by Rome. During the Ptolemaic period, Egyptian society changed as Greek immigrants introduced a new language, religious pantheon, and way of life to Egypt. Its main naval bases were at Alexandria, Egypt and Nea Paphos (New Paphos) in Cyprus. Mar 17, 2025 · The Ptolemaic dynasty, also known as the Lagid dynasty, was a Macedonian Greek royal house that ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Oct 29, 2000 · An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this portal site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. Certainly, they adopted the pharaonic titles and built temples in the traditional style, but as Egypt was now ruled in absentia from Rome, the native population, still deeply rooted in their Definition Ptolemaic Egypt existed between 323 and 30 BCE when Egypt was ruled by the Macedonian Ptolemaic dynasty. This era was characterized by the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a line of Hellenistic monarchs descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. This The administration of Ptolemaic Egypt was an amalgam of Egyptian, Saite, Persian, and Greek administrative practices. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a Hellenistic era state established in Egypt by Ptolemy I Soter following the death of Alexander and the ensuing Wars of the Diadochi. ] Originally presented at an Oxford conference in April 2016, the papers published in this volume showcase some of the many research paths opened by the project Corpus of Ptolemaic Inscriptions from Egypt (CPI). Jan 29, 2015 · In summary, Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt offers a wide-ranging analysis of Ptolemaic military institutions, particularly as a social vehicle for stability and integrative activity. This era saw the cultural blending of Greek and Egyptian influences, with Alexandria emerging as a major center of learning and trade. to 30 B. Significant The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. Employing Greek and Egyptian papyri and inscriptions, and building on approaches developed in state-formation theory, it offers a coherent account of how the changing structures of the army in Egypt after Alexander’s conquest led to the development of an ethnically more integrated society. 53 (2016), pp. Bust of Ptolemy I Soter is depicted in the Hellenistic style (left) and Egyptian style (right). In two previous columns, we offered overviews of the gold and silver coinage of this Greek kingdom, and in the next two columns, we’ll examine the 'bronzes' of the Ptolemies. His succession to the throne was accompanied by a wide-ranging purge of the Late, Ptolemaic, and Roman Periods Egyptian artistic traditions persisted throughout the Late, Ptolemaic, and Roman Periods. The announcement was made by Sherif Fathy, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities. The Ptolemaic dynasty, also known as the Lagids or Lagidae, was a Macedonian Greek [1][2][3][4][5] royal family who ruled over Egypt. Jan 20, 2025 · The head of a Greek statue that belongs to the Ptolemaic dynasty was uncovered near Alexandria, Egypt. The main The Ptolemaic Dynasty, established in Egypt following the death of Alexander the Great, spanned nearly three centuries from 305 BC to 30 BC. Jun 19, 2024 · This assessment fails to account for the more complex reality, in which both Greek and Egyptian elites sought greater power through cooperation and usurpation. Egypt was one of the many territories conquered by Alexander and when he died, Ptolemy was appointed satrap of Egypt with Alexander IV and Philip III Arrhidaeus as kings in… The result is a subtler picture of the complex relationship between the demands of the new state and the ancient, locally organized social structure of Egypt. 285-246 BCE), and Ptolemy III (r. The Ptolemaic dynasty was founded by Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great’s generals, who took control of Egypt after Alexander’s death. . Nile River Flood Failure in Ptolemaic Ancient Egypt (c. Alexander was welcomed by the Egyptians as a liberator and took the country without a battle. It was a time when Greek culture and Egyptian traditions intertwined, creating a unique and vibrant society that endured for nearly three centuries. Employing Greek and Egyptian papyri and inscriptions, and building on approaches developed in state-formation theory, it offers a coherent Dec 16, 2024 · Golden Tongues and Nails from Ptolemaic Mummies Unearthed by University of Barcelona Archaeologists in the Al-Bahnasa, Egypt. 1 It presents a rich overview of the forms of healing employed across all strata of society in Ptolemaic Egypt, from ‘temple medicine’ to scientific approaches to medical issues. They made a lasting impact on Nilotic culture and its landscape. AUTHOR ISAIAH REITAN Mar 9, 2025 · The Ptolemaic Dynasty, established by the Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, ruled Egypt for almost three centuries. Syrian Wars, (3rd century bce), five conflicts fought between the leading Hellenistic states, chiefly the Seleucid kingdom and Ptolemaic Egypt, and, in a lesser way, Macedonia. 395-409 May 7, 2025 · From the famous Old Kingdom to Alexander the Great's Ptolemaic Period, this is the fascinating timeline of Ancient Egypt as it unfolded. The two tetradrachms above were issued by Ptolemy VIII (170-116 B. Here, we delve into the major events of this period, highlighting its importance from a historical perspective. Khan Academy Khan Academy Jul 25, 2025 · The list of Ptolemaic dynasts is reasonably well-understood thanks to numerous contemporary sources and archaeological evidence; the Ptolemies continued the Egyptian pharaonic tradition of commemorating their monuments, though this time in Greek as well as in hieroglyphics. The Ptolemaic capital Alexandria became the premier city of the Hellenistic world, known for its Great Library and the Pharos Oct 1, 2016 · Examining Egyptian art during these 300 years reveals strong continuities in its traditions but also interactions with Greek art, whose forms and styles swept the world with Alexander’s armies. Grainger’s handling of Egyptian society remains one of the weakest points in this series, which is regrettable given that Egypt is the core of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Egypt succumbed to the forces of Octavian, who subsequently became the first Roman emperor, Augustus. Apr 9, 2025 · The one we are interested in today is Egypt. This dynasty was founded by Ptolemy I, a trusted general of Alexander the Great, who carved out his own kingdom after Alexander's death. The Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt, with its capital of Alexandria lasted from 334 to 14 BC, weathering storms and battles, but eventually lost by Queen Cleopatra to the Romans. Oct 11, 2024 · Egypt's pharaonic era has consistently been a titan of historical interest. Head of an Egyptian official, Ptolemaic Period, 50 BC, Diorite, Mitrahina, Egypt, via The Brooklyn Museum, New York City The Ptolemies ushered in a new bureaucracy to govern the country that was, aptly, pyramid-shaped. The Ptolemaic dynasty was founded by Ptolemy I Soler, one of Alexander the Great’s seven bodyguards known as the somatophylax. Nov 28, 2024 · Learn about the Ptolemaic Kingdom, a Hellenistic state founded by a general of Alexander the Great in Egypt. Hans Hauben, Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt: From Invasion to Integration, The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, Vol. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess'; note 4 70/69 BC – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. The Ptolemaic Period began when Alexander the Great defeated the Persians in Egypt in 332 BCE. Often seen as “a place apart,” especially by classicists focused on Greece and Rome, Ptolemaic Egypt has entered historical conversations tangentially, as a stage for wider Roman policy, for instance Jan 21, 2020 · Egypt under the Greek 'Ptolemaic' kings and queens produced a substantial coinage. The Ptolemies of Egypt traced their origin to the conqueror Alexander the Great, who occupied Egypt and Dec 16, 2021 · Abstract This is the first complete study of all the documentation relevant to the gymnasium and gymnasial life in Egypt at the time of the Ptolemies, the longest-reigning Hellenistic Royal House (323–30 bc). Jul 11, 2025 · Ptolemaic dynasty, Macedonian dynasty of ancient Egypt founded by Ptolemy I Soter when he openly assumed the kingship of Egypt on November 7, 305 bce. They built Alexandria The Ptolemaic dynasty (/ ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ. Trade networks of the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Here's an overview of the Ptolemaic Dynasty: Formation After Alexander’s death, his empire quickly fell apart. 1 We summarize these findings using a new terminology developed by Olivier Picard and Thomas Faucher, which improves on the traditional but not altogether reliable practice of attributing Ptolemaic bronze coins to particular reigns. D Publisher Oxford [Oxfordshire] : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press Collection 2014 This is the only substantial and up-to-date reference work on the Ptolemaic army. The Ptolemaic Kingdom was an Ancient Greek state based in Egypt during the Hellenistic Period. Upon the death of Alexander in 323 BC, his provinces were divided among his generals and Ptolemy I (Soter) ruled Egypt, which became an independent kingdom known as the "Ptolemaic Kingdom". This Hellenistic dynasty was founded by Ptolemy Recent analysis of Egyptian hoards has advanced our understanding of the succes-sive systems of Ptolemaic bronze coinage in the third century bc. Explore the cultural, political, and economic changes that occurred under Greek influence and the legacy of Alexandria. Jun 14, 2024 · The army of Ptolemaic Egypt was a well-organized fighting force trained in Hellenistic warfare. -638 A. The Ptolemies were descendants of Ptolemy I Soter, a general An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and most recent Egyptian dynasty of ancient origin. Oct 3, 2024 · The Ptolemaic Kingdom was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself pharaoh of Egypt and created a powerful Hellenistic dynasty that ruled an area stretching from southern Syria to Cyrene and south to Nubia. Jun 22, 2025 · When Alexander the Great died, Ptolemy installed himself as the king of Egypt, establishing a new Hellenistic regime that would last nearly 300 years. After Alexander’s death, Ptolemy seized control of Egypt and declared himself pharaoh, establishing a Greek-led dynasty that would rule for nearly three centuries. It analyses the diffusion, characteristics, administration, and developments of the institution of the gymnasium in Ptolemaic Egypt and its implications for the assertion of Greek Jan 25, 2022 · This map illustrates the political landscape of Ptolemaic Egypt in 240 BCE, during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes (reigned 246–222 BCE), a period often considered the kingdom’s peak in terms of An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. 369/68 BC – January 282 BC) was a Macedonian Greek [2] general, historian, and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the Ptolemaic Kingdom centered on Egypt. Credit: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons (left) Stella / Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4. G. com: A History of the Ptolemaic Empire: 9780415234894: Günther Hölbl, Tina Saavedra: BooksThis compelling narrative provides the only comprehensive guide in English to the rise and decline of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt over three centuries - from the death of Alexander in 323 BC to the tragic deaths of Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BC. This was the end of Egypt’s independence and it Jun 9, 2015 · Abstract This chapter aims to highlight some of the key issues concerning the interpretation of historical and cultural sources for Egypt during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, from Alexander’s arrival until the establishment of Christianity. A Hellenistic polity founded by Ptolemy I, a companion of Alexander the Great, in 305 BC. The book adequately covers the dynasty's development and interactions with neighboring The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great 's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria, one of the few avenues into Egypt. Explore its origin, rulers, culture, and legacy in this comprehensive article. Egypt was then annexed into the Roman empire with little resistance. 2 Series 1 includes Sep 28, 2000 · Amazon. In 305 B. The Ptolemaic Kingdom produced some of the largest human-powered ships of all time, and the largest and most advanced warships of the period. Ptolemaic Egypt (by Sally-Ann Ashton) Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his kingdom was divided amongst his generals. An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this portal site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. Dec 17, 2021 · Learn about the Ptolemaic Kingdom, a Hellenistic state founded by a companion of Alexander the Great in 305 BC. The skilful integration of material from a vast array Jun 17, 2024 · The first volume of John D. C. The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was Cleopatra VII, who allied herself first with Julius Caesar and then with Mark Anthony in an attempt to keep Egypt from being absorbed into the Roman Empire. [1] Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaîos Philádelphos, "Ptolemy, sibling-lover"; 309 – 28 January 246 BC) was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 284 to 246 BC. It explains the formation of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, focusing on the reign of Ptolemy II. Jul 12, 2024 · The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian royal family that ruled Ptolemaic Egypt from 323 to 30 BCE. Dr. Mar 28, 2008 · The Cambridge Ancient History - September 1984PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE PAPYRUS SOURCES This note is intended to issue two warnings. Credit: Vyacheslav Argenberg / Wikimedia Commons CC BY 4. The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled over Egypt from 305 BCE to 30 BCE, following the death of Alexander the Great. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. The Fall of the Ptolemaic Dynasty After several hundred years of peace and prosperity, the Ptolemaic dynasty eventually began to crumble. The Battle of the Nile in early 47 BC saw the combined Roman – Egyptian armies of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII defeat those of the rival Queen Arsinoe IV and King Ptolemy XIII and secure the throne of Egypt. It was founded in 0 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 0 BC. [note 2][3] Ptolemy IV was the son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. Ptolemaic rule lasted for 275 years, until 30 B. The rationale and history of the project are discussed in Chapter 1 (Introduction) by Alan Bowman (CPI principal investigator) and Sep 15, 2022 · In this first volume of his trilogy on the Ptolemies, John Grainger explains how Ptolemy I established the dynasty's power in Egypt in the wake of Alexander the Great's death. In all metals, there are numerous designs, mint-designations and varieties that make the series both challenging and fascinating. It features a comprehensive bibliography, numerous sources in translation, several helpful maps, charts, and diagrams, and thorough indices. Nov 14, 2024 · In 79 BCE, Ptolemy XII married the Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra V Tryphaena to secure his claim to the throne. Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BC, liberating the people from Persian rule. The dynasty ended when Rome conquered Egypt in the reign of Cleopatra VII. 0 The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled Egypt for nearly three centuries. The Ptolemaic dynasty used their considerable wealth to maintain a large standing army of professional Jul 13, 2025 · Ancient Egypt - Macedonian, Ptolemaic, 332-30 BCE: In the autumn of 332 bce Alexander the Great invaded Egypt with his mixed army of Macedonians and Greeks and found the Egyptians ready to throw off the oppressive control of the Persians. It operated in the East Mediterranean in the Aegean Sea, the Levantine Sea, but also on the river Nile and in the Red Sea towards the Indian Ocean. The kingdom was established in 305 BC by the Macedonian general Ptolemy, a close associate of Alexander the Great, and was subsequently ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. The Ptolemaic Kingdom or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. This dissertation critically examines accepted ideas of ethnic identity in Ptolemaic Egypt through an archaeological analysis of patterns in mortuary behavior. Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt After Alexander the Great's death, Egypt was administered by Ptolemy, one of his friends and generals. [9] It was founded in 305 BC by the Macedonian general Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty until the death The Ptolemaic dynasty (/ ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ. Its many achievements, preserved in its art and monuments, hold a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. Also, he began Oct 1, 2016 · Ptolemaic concerns thereafter turned largely inward, to the land of Egypt itself, or westward to Rome on the Mediterranean. Cleopatra VII Philopator is one of the most mesmerizing women in all of history. Founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great Preview Medicine and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt is the latest title published by Brill in their ‘Studies in Ancient Medicine’ series. Apr 23, 2021 · The Ptolemies were a Greek dynasty that ruled ancient Egypt in the final centuries before the Common Era. Ptolemy I, Ptolemy II (r. The Ptolemaic navy was also used to patrol trade routes Jul 17, 2024 · The Ptolemaic Kingdom: The Rise of Greek Rule in Egypt The Ptolemaic Kingdom, a fascinating chapter in ancient history, emerged from the ashes of Alexander the Great’s vast empire. The Ptolemies became the rulers over a complex fusion of Greek and The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian royal family that ruled Ptolemaic Egypt from 323 to 30 BCE. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. Since the representation of individuals in death is intentionally arrayed by the living, mortuary [more] Black basalt statue of Cleopatra VII Philopator, last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, 1st century BC. These conflicts drained the material and manpower of both parties and led to their eventual destruction and conquest by Rome Feb 10, 2025 · Temple of Seti, Abydos, Egypt. In 305 BCE, he declared himself Pharaoh Ptolemy I Soter and established the Ptolemaic dynasty. It was founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great, and ended with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman conquest of Egypt. The first Ptolemaic mint was at Memphis. Khan Academy Khan Academy Feb 18, 2022 · This infographic illustrates the royal lineage of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the Hellenistic period (305–30 BCE). The House of Ptolemy web site concentrates on the Ptolemies and their world, from 331 - 30 BCE. After he died in 323 BCE, his generals divided up his empire and Ptolemy took Egypt. Alexandria became the capital city and a center of Greek culture and trade. The list of monarchs demonstrates some of the challenges facing attribution of Ptolemaic coins: The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled over Egypt from 305 to 30 BCE before Rome conquered Egypt. His general Ptolemy established the Ptolemaic dynasty that would govern the vast lands of Egypt for the next 300 years. Jun 19, 2024 · Ptolemaic Egypt was a naval power that exerted influence throughout the Eastern Mediterranean from its foundation in 330 BCE until Cleopatra 's defeat by Augustus at the Battle of Actium in 30 BCE. After Alexander the Great defeated the Persian king Darius III in 332 BC, Egypt became part of the Macedonian Empire. This dynasty reigned for 275 years, making it the longest and last dynasty of ancient Egypt, from 305 BC until its incorporation into the Roman Republic in 30 BC. The decree has only minor differences across the three versions, making There is an extensive collection of texts from earlier periods of Egyptian history in the St Andrews Corpus. Like most of the other armies of the Diadochi, it was very much Macedonian in style, with the use of the long pike (sarissa) in a deep phalanx formation. The Dynasty ruled in Egypt for almost 300 years, until the death of one of Egypt ’s most famous queens Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, when it was annexed Apr 26, 2025 · When Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BCE, he signaled the beginning of the era of Ptolemaic rule. 1. It is intended as a complement to the publication of the full texts, with up-to-date commentaries and images, of about The Ptolemaic navy was the naval force of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and later empire from 305 to 30 BC. 301 Moved Permanently301 Moved Permanently cloudflare Dec 10, 2019 · An uncommon denomination in Ptolemaic Egypt was the silver didrachm (two drachms). –395 C. - Another valuable comparison of actual coins found in modern hoards with coin sizes and types, monogram series, and their relationships to time periods and reigns. ɪk /; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai; after Ptolemy I 's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek 12345 royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. The Ptolemaic Dynasty was a powerful Hellenistic state extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. It was later moved to Alexandria. They built Alexandria, including the Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Great Library of Alexandria. The Ptolemaic Kingdom (/ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ. The Ptolemaic Kingdom ultimately ended with the defeat of Nov 27, 2021 · The Ptolemaic dynasty founded by Ptolemy I Soter, general of Alexander the Great, governed Egypt for three centuries creating a powerful and wealthy Hellenistic state. Ancient Egyptian inscriptions describe Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V as "Sibling Gods", but this was a formulaic title used for all Ptolemaic ruling pairs. A special focus is placed on the legitimation of kingship and the different forms of (self-) representation of the king. note 5 A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek Jul 5, 2021 · Preview [The Table of Contents is listed below. A new overview of the Ptolemies is a timely idea but the result is underwhelming. 246-222 BCE) governed Egypt well, but after them, their successors ruled poorly until Cleopatra came to the throne. His name means “Ptolemy the Manifest, the Beneficent. The House of Ptolemy portal site concentrates on the Ptolemies and their world, from 331 - 30 BCE. Lang's work contrasts with previous studies focused on Egyptian and Greek medicine by examining the integration of these practices in Ptolemaic Egypt influenced by a diverse Greek population. 713 B. According to the will of Ptolemy XII, his children, Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII would rule together as co-monarchs over Egypt, but this arrangement had fallen apart and Ptolemy had exiled his sister Cleopatra. An aid in the study of the Ptolemaic (Macedonian-based Greek), Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in Alexandria, this site is intended for all classicists and students of Hellenistic history. He was the son of Ptolemy I, the Macedonian general of Alexander the Great who founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom after the death of Alexander, and Queen Berenice I, originally from Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt refers to the historical periods following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE until the annexation of Egypt by Rome in 30 BCE. Grainger's trilogy on the Ptolemaic Kingdom provides an overview of Ptolemaic history from 330 to 246 BCE. Discover how the Ptolemies ruled Egypt, adopted Egyptian culture, and built Alexandria, the center of Greek learning and trade. The obverse features the king adorned with a diadem, while the reverse depicts Zeus’ eagle with Heracles’ club positioned to the left. Ptolemy I completed the construction of Egypt’s new capital-Alexandria. It ruled Egypt for three centuries, adopting Egyptian culture and religion, and was conquered by Rome in 30 BC. Cleopatra was highly educated in the full laws and customs of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, she engrossed herself in science, philosophy The Ptolemaic Kingdom (/ ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ. A new tripartite Cleopatra The final Ptolemaic ruler, Cleopatra VII, committed suicide with no heirs. After his death, his companion and general, Ptolemy I Soter, founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 305 BC and ruled over Egypt. Alexandria became the capital city and a major center of Greek culture and trade. 0 (right Dec 14, 2024 · However, Ptolemaic Egypt suffered from divisions of its own. Beginner's Guide What are the Late, Ptolemaic, and Roman Periods? Late Period and the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, an introduction videos + essays We're adding new content all the time! The Ptolemaic army was the army of the Ptolemaic Greek kings that ruled Egypt from 305 to 30 BC. Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great 's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap (Governor) of Egypt Egyptian Culture The Ptolemies had succeeded in assimilating the Egyptian culture and thus the respect of the native population, but the new Roman rulers who came after them made little attempt to do so. Apr 29, 2021 · Because of this, the Ptolemaic Period saw increased urban development in ancient Egyptian cities and towns. He journeyed to Siwa Oasis in the Western Desert to visit the Jul 25, 2018 · Ptolemaic Egypt rapidly established itself as an economic powerhouse of the ancient world at the end of the 4th century BCE. The wealth of Egypt was owed in large part to the unrivalled fertility of Feb 27, 2024 · The Ptolemaic Period, spanning from 332 to 30 BC, marks a significant chapter in the history of ancient Egypt. In 305 BC Egypt fell to his general Ptolemy I Soter. Land under cultivation was increased, and new crops were introduced (especially important was the introduction of naked tetraploid wheat Feb 16, 2023 · The Ptolemaic Kingdom The Ptolemaic Kingdom was an ancient Greek state based in Egypt. Reigning for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty of ancient 6 days ago · Cleopatra was the last active ruler of ancient Egypt, intrigued powerful men like Julius Caesar and Mark Antony while navigating political intrigue in her quest to maintain Egyptian independence. usovg cwvlwl yakdg mqshwgx tqce lxzzp ugxzjf nxfp mezugwn xuil