# Redis actually stands for “REmote DIctionary Server”. Redis tends to store data on RAM and persist it on to disk as well. Aug 8, 2013 · You might separate things that you store into other data structures held in the keys (such as sorted sets) and use those, or otherwise you would want to know more specifically what you're looking for. call("del",KEYS[1]) else return 0 end Dec 21, 2020 · I don't think you need to select between these two types, you can combine them! expect to save a json string to the key/value pair. It is usually pointless to try to map relational concepts to key/value stores. Keys, Values and Channels. conf file that's shipped with every version. The SET command is used to create new keys. Get Started With Redis Cloud: Try Free Apr 14, 2021 · Here's an example: SET key value GET key # gives you "value" DEL key GET key # null INCR and DECR. This article is an introduction to Lettuce, a Redis Java client. Here, the key “username” is set to have the value “john_doe”. A key is the unique name of a piece of data (which could be a String, a List, Hash, or any of the other redis data types) within a database. answered Aug 5, 2022 at 2:33. hmset user:2 name "pally" password "232342". I assume the latter. Its simple key-value data model enables Redis to deal with large datasets while sustaining impressive read-write speeds and availability. the length of the string. These simple systems are normally not adequate for complex applications. This article describes the design and implementation of a very simple Twitter clone written using PHP with Redis as the only database. Going beyond being a Key-Value store, until now, RediSearch has been providing indexing and search capabilities on hashes. user:<user hash>:sent -> set of <msg hash>. for k,v in my_dict. Represent relations (e. (integer) 4. Golang key/value store with redis example. I like to use dots for multi-words fields, like Apr 4, 2012 · In the example, I do not understand if the primary key is just master_id or (master_id,slave_id). Mar 21, 2022 · 1. Redis is an open-source in-memory data store written in C, which makes it blazingly fast. Data is added, queried, modified, and deleted with commands that operate on keys in Redis’ in-memory data structure. SCANNING KEYS ONE-BY-ONE. Technically stated hashmap supports O (1) lookup as opposed to an array loop which is O (n) Most programming languages come with a hashmap built in. Nov 13, 2022 · Redis. It also supports saving complex data objects such as JSON. The self-documented redis. txt. It is often referred to as a data structure server, since the keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets. So what you can do is to make keys appending user_id and <hash_key>. scan_iter("user:*"): # delete the key. 1. This design supports highly efficient data retrieval, as accessing the value is a straightforward process of searching by key. The solution below doesn't solve the whole point of using redis -- to share data across cluster instances. set (“name”, “John”); This tutorial helps you learn about Redis In-Memory Database. # to customize a few per-server settings. You can use hashes to represent basic objects and to store groupings of counters, among other things. You already used the MSET (multi set) command in your example, but only set ONE value Your example might work this way: cache. Maintain a hashSet/list for that key. 0 exposes an internal public API. Sep 9, 2020 · Redis Keys are Ideal for Keeping Track of Lots of Strings. They can only store pairs of keys and values, as well as retrieve values when a key is known. Here is the value as i got from redis cli: But my requirement is to store the data (value) as json, with key-value pairs. Examples APPEND key value Available since: 2. On the other hand, it is exactly this simplicity, that makes such systems Dec 29, 2022 · Redis supports keys/values with a maximum size of 512 MB. multiGet(HASH_NAME, keySet); But, unfortunately this method returns only the values, without the matching keys. Redis is a in-memory key/value store i. Before using Redis with Laravel, we encourage you to install and use the PhpRedis PHP extension via PECL. These keys might be able to store any binary data and be binary safe. Key value databases, also known as key value stores, are database types where data is stored in a “key-value” format and optimized for reading and writing that data. Important Oct 28, 2022 · Redis is an open-source, in-memory key-value data store. Redis is an advanced key-value store that is often referred to as a data structure server due to its support for various data structures such as strings There are many key space related commands, but the above two are the essential ones together with the TYPE command, which returns the kind of value stored at the specified key: > set mykey x. Jan 13, 2021 · Redis was created by Salvatore Sanfilippo in 2006 and is written in C. the key must be unique otherwise we will override the existing one. # Redis configuration file example. There's a small amount of conversation in the comments of official commands page for Redis KEYS regarding the speed, etc. It is often referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets. For data storage, keys serve as the distinctive identities in Redis. Jun 4, 2024 · Redis is an open-source, in-memory data store that serves multiple purposes, including acting as a database, cache, and message broker. However, there is "hmset" which can be called with an object and it will set each object field as a separate redis field in the Redis is not a plain key-value store, and as such it can hold more complex data structures, such as strings. Redis allows you to use various data types such as Lists, Hashes, Sets, and Sorted Sets to Returns or stores the elements contained in the list, set or sorted set at key. Strings(conn. This creates a new string key called "server" with the value "redis1". The key-value part refers to the fact that the database stores data as a collection of key/value pairs. io/commands/keys A Redis set is an unordered collection of unique strings (members). Jul 7, 2021 · This particular new feature will bring Redis’ JSON capabilities to a whole new level. For the provided example, you could have: user:<user hash> -> hash of user properties. EDIT: please note the warning at the top of KEYS documentation page: Time complexity: O(N) with N being the number of keys in the database, under the assumption that the key names in the database and the given pattern have limited length. > type mykey. This in contrast to arrays allows jumping directly to the key to retrieve the value. To create a string, use the set command. 0. com Jan 5, 2024 · 1. OK. 99% availability. Redis patterns example. The example above would therefore be stored in Redis similar to the below: HSET cart:X id1 "name1:price1". Dec 17, 2023 · It excels in scenarios where speed and efficiency are paramount. Jul 13, 2021 · Redis is a super fast and efficient in-memory, key–value cache and store. Sep 28, 2023 · In Redis, keys are the fundamental data structure used to identify, store, and retrieve data. Key-value Stores. hmset (key Jun 26, 2023 · Key-value Stores are great for use cases where you need to store large amounts of data, but you don’t need to perform complex queries to retrieve it. Its name means REmote DIctionary Server. May 20, 2015 · Redis is an in-memory non-relational key-value store (sometimes referred to as a data structure server). It is an open-source, in-memory data structure store that can be used as a database, cache, and message broker. iteritems(): r. Redis must be Aug 10, 2017 · Direct access via the primary key: The key itself is semantically meaningful and so you can access a value directly by knowing how the key is structured (by using key patterns). Additionally, Redis offers advanced features like pub/sub messaging, which can be leveraged to implement cache invalidation mechanisms. Examples: Tokyo Cabinet/Tyrant, Redis, DynanoDB, Voldemort, Oracle BDB, Amazon SimpleDB, Riak. The tutorials included in this series cover a broad range of Redis commands, but they generally focus on connecting to Redis is an open-source, in-memory key-value data store. Redis is an open-source, in-memory key-value store known for its speed and flexibility. However, strings in Redis are binary-safe, meaning a Redis string can hold any kind of data, from alphanumeric characters to JPEG images. The amortized time complexity is O(1) assuming the appended value is small and the already present value is of any size, since the dynamic string library used by Redis will double the free space available on every reallocation. The string data type in Redis is a simple key-value pair, where the value is a string. Nov 5, 2019 · Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map. You can also delete keys. That is why i have used Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer The counter pattern is the most obvious thing you can do with Redis atomic increment operations. In redis, you are free to create as many keys as you want. Dec 6, 2022 · The data in the cache store is similar to an Object with kay and value {key: value}, We give it a unique key and assign the value to that key. This tutorial series will provide explanations and examples of some of the most commonly used Redis key value pair command. A NoSQL database, Redis doesn’t use structured query language, otherwise known as SQL. As such, strings are the simplest type of value you can associate with a Redis key. Every supported Redis command can be executed with the Vercel KV SDK by calling it as a method. String Data Type. items()}) This Introduction. With Redis, developers can set expiration times for cached data, ensuring that the cache remains up to date. I've seen values separated by : but I'm not sure what the normal convention is, or why. Each stream element is structured as a set of key-value pairs, similar to a Redis Hash (but not the same). With database access, most of what you need is a kv store. Jun 12, 2023 · A stream element is a set of key-value pairs. StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0) for key in r. Nov 9, 2022 · A key-value database or key-value store uses a simple string or single key or a set of keys / delete keys / multiple keys to access associated values, unlike earlier relational NoSQL databases that kept data structures served in predefined tables and columns. There are a number of commands for operating on strings to set a key to a new value. We now have a child and a parent process. Is Redis a key-value database? Yes, Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is a key-value database. Yes, the fundamental data structure involved here is a hashmap. Within a single Redis database, a key is attached to a single value. For example, a user logs in with the username "joe". 2. For example, while the user id#1000 can use the key user:1000, a queue associated with that user could use the key user:1000:queue. A similar complex construct is used by celery for example, where they store both an Aug 24, 2022 · As the world’s most popular key-value store, Redis helps apps concurrently access critical bits of data while remaining resource friendly. Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store. With keys containing lists, hashes, strings and sets, Redis is known as a data structure server. You can try to store your key-value pairs (value part in your example) within hash data structure (where key part of your pair would be stored as hash field and value part as hash value; check out HMSET) which is more flexible for data manipulation and might consume less memory than plain value strings. This means that Redis is an in-memory data structure store (of a KEY-VALUE format) that can be used as a: a. ) of specific user/tenant (can be slow ~ 2s) ( select * from table where user=x and tenant=y or select * from table where tenant=z) I can do it with RDBMS but I guess it will be slower than using an in-memory db (which is persistent). redis-cli SET username “john_doe”. Do("LRANGE", key, 0, -1)) if err != nil { log. incr (). I noticed the method: Map<Object, Object> entries = redisTemplate. For example we used the colon in order to add the frequency and the original word for completion. This guide is written as a cheat sheet with self-contained examples. object encoding, refcount. Redis stores data in the form of key-value pairs, where each key is a unique identifier and the value can be any type of data. This example code shows this in action: A simple get and set example of using redis key value store Sep 21, 2015 · Redis is an open-source, networked, in-memory, key-value data store with optional durability, written in ANSI C. hmset user:1 name "sally" password "12344". Default port: 6379. Redis is an open source key-value database. Prerequisites. Mar 9, 2015 · It's a Redis based framework for Java which supports many popular codecs (Jackson JSON, Avro, Smile, CBOR, MsgPack, Kryo, FST, LZ4, Snappy and JDK Serialization) and Redis connection modes like Cluster, Sentinel, AWS Elasticache. Retrieve all the key-value pairs and metadata (last_updated. 👉. EXPIRE would return 0 and not alter the timeout for a key with a timeout set. g. It’s also known as a data structure server, as the keys can contain strings, lists, sets, hashes and other data Jun 21, 2016 · Posted on June 21, 2016 by Ian. Redis is an in-memory key-value store that can be used as a database, cache or message broker. Uses familiar Spring concepts such as a template classes for core API usage and lightweight repository style data access. the value is wrapped into a redisObject structure, which also has some overhead, e. Now it's Redis 7. Aug 4, 2011 · I can't answer the question of when to use a key-value (herein kv) data store but I can show you some of the examples, and answer your stackoverflow example. Yes, colon sign : is a convention when naming keys. # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same. An example would be to access an user profile by knowing the user’s id. Python dicts can be arbitrarily nested, but a redis hash is going to require that your value is a string. The programming community has traditionally considered key-value stores as a special purpose database that couldn't be used as a Oct 27, 2023 · Commands & Their Usage. According to the monthly ranking by DB-Engines. It supports string, hash, list, set, and sorted set data types. , track all unique IP addresses accessing a given blog post). For example: Oct 28, 2022 · Redis is an open-source, in-memory key-value data store. Provides support to increase developer productivity in Java when using Redis, a key-value store. > HGET bike:1 model. Include files can include. KEYS * will list all keys stored in redis. They are very useful and you'll use them a lot, because Redis can perform two operations in one – GET key and SET key to key + 1. Jan 22, 2017 · Short answer: Redis does NOT store key and value as raw string. Learn how to run Redis with ssl/tls here. It puts the content of some_file. > HGETALL bike:1. Redis can also persist data on a disk, rather than hold it in-memory Dec 27, 2023 · The starting point for using Redis keys is key creation. Sep 4, 2020 · Redis Data Types with Commands: Comprehensive Guide. Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed Redis OSS and Memcached-compatible service delivering real-time, cost-optimized performance for modern applications with 99. You can use these two commands to increment or decrement a key which is a number. May 20, 2024 · Examples of Popular Key-Value Databases Redis. mset({'prefix:' + k:v for k,v in some_dict. The SET command returns "OK" on success. > HGET bike:1 price. Perform common set operations such as intersection, unions, and differences. For the (simple string) key-value data type Redis allows you to set, get, delete, and increment arbitrary string <key, value> pairs. It supports various data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, and more. Redis is single-threaded and can grow horizontally. mset(some_dict) You will want to add a common prefix to your dictionary entries: cache. logs:1 { here 1 is the user id } lpush logs:1 "" "" "". Here is an example how to store Java object to list: RList<SomeObject> list = redisson. This popular in-memory data structure store can persist on a disk as well. Whenever Redis needs to dump the dataset to disk, this is what happens: Redis forks. Sets the specified fields to their respective values in the hash stored at key. You can use Redis sets to efficiently: Track unique items (e. The values can be simple data types like Redis configuration file example. For example: SET server "redis1". call("get",KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then return redis. Key-value stores are probably the simplest form of database management systems. GET user1. Redis instead comes with its own set of commands for managing and accessing data. You can only have 1 value at a time for each key (i. The output would be "John Doe". To associate your repository with the key-value-store topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. But persistence to disk is a background journaling job. logrocket. string. This means that it stores data based on keys and values — think of it as a giant Mar 9, 2011 · Try to look at KEYS command. Redis is known for its blazing-fast performance as a key-value store, written in C, and classified as a NoSQL database. For example, the following set command creates a key Redis hashes are record types structured as collections of field-value pairs. Redis keys are used to perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations on the data. set (), and to increment a key value you'd call kv. This command overwrites the values of specified fields that exist in the hash. I could also do it like This avoids that a client will try to release the lock after the expire time deleting the key created by another client that acquired the lock later. For instance, if you have stored a value with the key 'user1', you can retrieve it as follows: SET user1 "John Doe". r = redis. Learn several Redis patterns by building a Twitter clone. It is open-source and also called a key-value store, which is a type of database non-relational. Designed with developers in mind and unlike simplistic key-value data stores, Redis data structures deliver flexible ways to model your data for many use cases in modern applications. HSET cart:X id2 "name2:price2". register({ store: redisStore, host: 'redis', port: 6379, }), I would like to use it to store a single value, however, I do not want to do it the built-in way by attaching an interceptor to a controller method, but instead I want to control it manually and be able to set and Mar 29, 2017 · This allows to set multiple keys at once and also retrieve them at once. This semantics was needed because of limitations in the replication layer that are now fixed. , the set of all users with a given role). In general we can add any kind of associated value to our indexing key. jedis. (integer) 1. # Include one or more other config files here. for example, this is how I set the user 123 session data which will expire after 5 minutes (300 seconds): redis> HSET SESSION:123 firstname "Ali" lastname "Malek" credentials "P@sSw0rd". Any given Redis instance includes a number of databases, each of which can hold many different keys of a variety of data types. opsForHash(). getList("anyList"); Jun 23, 2015 · The easiest to store your product's name and price in a String is simply to concatenate the two and use a delimiter for separation. put("age", "20"); return map; } The code is working fine and storing the data in cache as object. Redis is widely used for caching, real-time analytics, and messaging. Sep 27, 2023 · Here are some basic commands and examples using Jedis: 1. There is also the SORT_RO read-only variant of this command. Redis is written in C. The SET command is used to associate a key with a string value. txt to some_key. In this tutorial on redis website is stated: Try to stick with a schema. We retrieve the data from that cache by the key. Mar 22, 2024 · According to the official Redis documentation at ( https://redis. . Storing an instance-specific id in redis will be meaningless to another instance that tries to use that id. A key-value data store is a type of NoSQL database in which keys serve as unique identifiers for their associated values. It is a NoSQL advanced key-value data store, and is often referred to as a data structure server because its keys contain strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets, bitmaps, and hyperloglogs. They are collectively referred to as key-value pairs. How To Use This Guide. com, Redis is the most popular key-value store. To do so the web application may simply increment a key Dec 29, 2022 · Additionally, keys related to the base object can use suffixes on the key. This command accepts two arguments – the key name and value. It’s useful for storing simple data like numbers, text, or serialized objects. So, I should do redisObject. 1) "model". By default Redis uses a plain-text based protocol, but you have to keep in mind that it can also implement ssl/tls. Oct 21, 2015 · I have a hash in redis. The list goes on, and includes many strong competitors Key-value databases serve a specific purpose, and they have features that can add value to some but impose limitations on others. The idea is simply send an INCR command to Redis every time an operation occurs. Wide-column Stores. For example, redis-cli -X foo SET some_key foo EX 100 < some_file. A key-value database (also known as a key-value store and key-value store database) is a type of NoSQL database that uses a simple key/value method to store data. Overview. It also stands apart from relational databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL that use tabular data structures. How it works. A key–value database, or key–value store, is a data storage paradigm designed for storing, retrieving, and managing associative arrays, and a data structure more commonly known today as a dictionary or hash table. Database Redis is an open-source, advanced key-value store. Popular key-value stores include Dragonfly, Redis and Amazon DynamoDB. HSET. Introduction to Redis and Laravel. May 31, 2020 · import * as redisStore from 'cache-manager-redis-store'; CacheModule. create separate list of logs as. Each key in Redis maps to a corresponding value, and Redis supports various data types for values like strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets, and more. Unlike traditional databases that store data on disk, Redis keeps data in memory, ensuring fast access and manipulation. Key-Value Store. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. We’ll begin by discussing what Jedis is all about Nov 29, 2017 · Redis is an open-source, in-memory key-value data store, used as a database, cache, and message broker. Data is stored in Redis in the form of key-values where a key is used to extract the values. A hash map with keys as user:1 and user:2. Command: SET key value: Sets the value of a key. @deltheil I have redis version 3. I'm new to Redis and don't know when -X <tag> was introduced. 1. Fatal(err) } return value } The GET command gets the value of a string key. The GET command does not work on list keys. It supports several data types: Strings, Hashes, Lists, Sets, and 4 days ago · Vercel KV is a durable Redis database that enables you to store and retrieve simple key-value data structures globally at the edge. One place, however, where keys in Redis are still vitally important is clustering. put("name", "kayv"); map. 3 altering a key with an expire set using a command altering its value had the effect of removing the key entirely. So you look up "user:joe" in your database and retrieve his password (hash Jan 23, 2024 · 1. Features: In-memory data storage with optional persistence. io/ ), Redis is an in-memory data store that is used by millions of developers as a CACHE, VECTOR DATABASE, DOCUMENT DATABASE, STREAMING ENGINE, AND MESSAGE BROKER. See full list on blog. Exact match by a secondary key: The KV-Store itself can You could try using the redis HSET command to store the dict as a redis hash with something like. Because of its faster read/writes operations, it is commonly used for caching data. Here is a python snippet using scan_iter() to get all keys from the store matching a pattern and delete them one-by-one: import redis. . They're often used for caching, but they support additional functionality that lets you implement counters and perform bitwise Nov 4, 2022 · You cannot store more than one string in a single key. In terms of implementation, Key-Value stores represent one of the largest and oldest members Jun 1, 2022 · So, when asked if Redis is a key-value store, I usually respond with “it descends from the key-value line of databases” but note that, at this point, it’s hard to justify Redis as a key-value store alone. Keys are never interpreted as… well, anything: they are simply inert names. The data is fetched by a unique key or a number of unique keys to retrieve the associated value with each key. It is a collection of related pieces of Aug 20, 2014 · 2. Each value is attached to a single key, and all key names must be unique. The key looks like ‘user::<uid>’. It supports various data structures like strings, hashes, lists, sets, and more. By default, sorting is numeric and elements are compared by their value interpreted as double precision floating point number. At its heart, Redis is a key-value store, allowing data to be stored and retrieved using a key. In fact, the key is wrapped into a sdshdr structure (for the latest version, it's a more compact structure), which has some overhead, e. hset('my_dict', k, v) but the redis datatypes and python datatypes don't quite line up. Redis is an open source, BSD licensed, advanced key-value store. For example, this configuration will make Redis automatically dump the dataset to disk every 60 seconds if at least 1000 keys changed: save 60 1000 This strategy is known as snapshotting. And the time complexity of GET or SET for a HashMap is O (1). Redis is a data structure server, so you need to think in term of data structure and access path. You want to: store the values once Mar 28, 2018 · Redis' data structures cannot be nested inside other data structures, so storing a List inside a Hash is not possible. Dec 20, 2023 · To retrieve a value from Redis, you use the GET command followed by the key. In dealing with redis, there is quite an important distinction between keys and everything else. set is destructive assignment). Key-Value Databases. Jan 24, 2012 · 2. It’s driven by a keystore-based data structure to persist data and can be used as a database, cache, message broker, etc. In Redis versions prior 2. 0 Time complexity: O(1). You cannot link two data structures using Redis. For example, to set a key value you'd call kv. This is SORT in its simplest form: SORT mylist. 504 which doesn't have the -x Jun 21, 2022 · Using Redis as a simple key value cache system is a common use case. This is a simple method of storing data, and it Jul 1, 2012 · It is certainly possible to model these data with Redis, but you need to think in term of data structures AND access paths. Jan 8, 2024 · 1. Redis strings store sequences of bytes, including text, serialized objects, and binary arrays. Nov 6, 2013 · For those who want to read a file as a non-last argument, -X <tag> is helpful. HMSET cart:Y id1 "name1:price1" id2 "name2:price2". This tutorial provides good understanding on Redis concepts, needed to create and deploy a highly scalable and performance-oriented From the docs: Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker). For instance "object-type:id:field" can be a nice idea, like in "user:1000:password". Each key has a unique value, which might be a straightforward string or one of the many data structures Redis provides, such as lists, sets, hashes, or sorted sets. The GET command in this example fetches the value associated with 'user1'. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. An example of unlock script would be similar to the following: if redis. Under the hood, RedisJSON 2. Redis is a remarkably fast, non-relational database solution. > del mykey. e a HashMap/Hashtable kind of datastructure. " GitHub is where people build software. In Redis, a list is a collection of strings sorted by insertion order, similar to linked lists. Redis is BSD licensed and is often referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain Mar 15, 2015 · func GetValues(key string) []string { value, err := redis. Dictionaries contain a collection of objects, or records, which in turn have many different fields within them, each containing Aug 1, 2023 · Store key-value pairs of user & tenants fast. They store data in tables, rows, and dynamic columns. The only limit is that strings must be 512 MB long or less. With Redis the access paths are not managed implicitly (like with indexes in RDBMS/MongoDB). I want to query redis, using the template, in order to get all entries whose key in a certain set of keys. For instance in a web application we may want to know how many page views this user did every day of the year. "4972". For example: Jun 25, 2017 · Redis is a key value store. Redis sophisticated data structures enable you to develop applications with fewer lines of elegant code to store, access, and use your data and enable powerful Aug 17, 2021 · Redis. Feb 13, 2024 · It provides key-value storage, allowing developers to store and retrieve data using unique keys. For this Aug 29, 2023 · Importance of Keys in Redis. It’s highly performant, in-memory, networked, and durable. In this tutorial, we’ll introduce Jedis, a client library in Java for Redis. This is useful if you. HSET key field value [field value ] O (1) for each field/value pair added, so O (N) to add N field/value pairs when the command is called with multiple field/value pairs. Additionally, it boasts native support for clustering instances. # Example of Setting and Getting Data in a Key-Value Database (Redis) import redis. e. : redis. In order to use a lexicographical index to implement a simple key-value store we just store the entry as key:value: ZADD myindex 0 mykey:myvalue And search for the key with: Jun 27, 2016 · So what we can do to represent this data in redis is use hashes and lists something like this : Option 1. This tutorial covers how to create and work with elements in Redis lists. Redis’ read and write operations are very fast because it stores data in memory. "Deimos". Introduction to Redis strings. If the key already exists, this command will overwrite the old value. ts kd li wq bv wd qa ul ut po