Hurricane straps foundation. Secure floor frame to the foundation.
Metal plate connectors, straps and anchors shall have product approval. H2. Building Strong Blog. Each clip is 5. They are usually made of galvanized steel and come in various shapes, hence their many names. Return Policy. Where full hurricane strapping is required, the connection must be maintained from foundation to rafter. May 16, 2022 · Hurricane tie-downs are used to secure a roof to a wall and a wall to a foundation. Install Hurricane Straps. The long straps of the H16 increase versatility, making it suitable for truss heel height up to 13 1/2". Mar 29, 2020 · My buddy added some hurricane anchors and straps to his shed. Huge savings for one detail. Hammer in the clip to the parallel beam using 2. Sort by. As part of a continuous load path, the H2. Pursuant to Section 553. ) Nov 9, 2010 · No point in using 3" wide straps to tie wall framing to foundation if the trusses are only held to the plates by a nail or two each. These connectors are engineered to resist increased loads due to high-wind or seismic events, and are available for both wood and steel applications. ”. The H8 is versatile and has been tested for connecting I-joist rafters to double top plates as well as studs to sill plates. com. These essential metal connections provide strength, versatility and reliability in various applications for both wood and steel. <p>Straps and ties are designed to resist tension forces between two members. If necessary, add concrete footers or anchors to the foundation. The STHD incorporates many features that aid correct installation and improve performance. Get free shipping on qualified Hurricane Tie Metal Straps products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Building Materials Department. Apr 29, 2022 · A “stem wall” is a foundation made up of a series of concrete blocks or bricks. everything must be strap from slab to roof. Hurricane Tie Robust 16-Gauge 0. #4. Ensure that Structural Engineering Blog. Installation. Inside Vs. Nov 18, 2022 · 9. Made from 18-gauge steel. Best Overall: Simpson Strong-Tie H2. A35 – Framing Angle/Plate Installation. The top flange features an arrow line indicator to aid correct installation. This brings up our wind load capacity plus earns the homeowner a good 25% off or more from their premiums. BBB Rating: A+ Service Area. The IRC does require what is commonly refered to even here in Montana as "Hurricane Clips" My own house equated out to over 500 lbs of uplift in a 90 mph wind load R802. The presloped seat simplifies installation and improves performance. For example, you can find hurricane straps made explicitly for truss and ridge beam connections. Central Pacific Hurricane Center 2525 Correa Rd Suite 250 Honolulu, HI 96822 Note: Designed for use with 2” x 3” purlins only. A tie, strap, tie rod, eyebar, guy-wire, suspension cables, or wire ropes, are examples of linear structural components designed to resist tension. Heavy duty laser cut 16-gauge galvanized or 304 stainless steel. 22 kilograms). Installs by using a steel rod and rotating fully into the ground. Anchor Bolt Assembly; Anchor Bolt; Anchor Chair; CMU Saddle Assembly; Form Tie and Form Wedge; Holdowns; Post Base Anchors; Purlin Anchors; SPArtan™ Sill Plate Anchor; QuickTie™ Accessories. The hook-up system should be weather- and corrosion-resistant and support at least 4,725 lbs (2,143. Provides a connection as part of a continuous load path to resist wind and seismic forces. Dec 21, 2020 · Although the maximum discount allowed for roof-to-wall connections is about 35%, it can be much less—depending on the insurance company and the other hurricane-resistant details of your home. When choosing hurricane straps for your foundation, consider material, length, and corrosion Flat Straps; Hurricane Anchors and Twist Straps; Hurricane Gusset Angles; Post Caps; Plywood Clips; Shear Clips/Flats; Foundation Connectors. 06" Galvanized Hurricane Straps H2. 5-in 20-Gauge Galvanized Steel Tie Plate Wood To Wood. Save 5% with coupon. Highlights. Hurricane straps are metal straps that attach the roof of your pergola to the frame. On 2018-05-29 by (mod) Sep 19, 2023 · The foundation on which your pergola sits is also important in making it hurricane-proof. Also read: How to secure double shed doors Apr 29, 2022 · The straps or ties you choose should be able to support the weight of your house without breaking. They hold your structure together when those 140 mph (225. Building Inspections. 5A Hurricane Tie. The issue here is, these areas where the roof framing meets the top of walls are usually hidden behind drywall on the Our 316 Grade Stainless Steel Twist Tie Straps or Sometimes Called Roof Truss Ties and Rafter Straps Come in a Verity of Lengths and Styles. Call Underhome Armor at 800 377-7885 for a Free Inspection. 5T single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the rafter/truss-to-top-plate connection. Straps and tie plates shall be manufactured from galvanized steel with a minimum thickness provided by 20 gauge. Twist Straps Provide a Tension Connection Between Two Wood Members. May 16, 2022 · It doesn’t change the price for you or anything, but it helps to support our blog if you do use them to buy these hurricane straps. Learn about the importance of hurricane straps Mesa foundation repair fix foundation cracks, oxidized rebar, Simpson Strap repair, hurricane straps, j-bolts, foundation settlement, patch and waterproofing. Free of corrosion. They make buildings more resistant to the effects of high winds, especially in areas prone to natural disasters. Jul 26, 2018 · The photo below shows a strap with only two nails securing it to the truss, so it will be dropped back to the toe nails level discount. Install with (10) 0. The best way to build a hurricane-proof storage shed is to start from the bottom, and work your way up using lots of fasteners as you go: Build a hurricane-proof foundation. Oct 16, 2023 · Hurricane straps do an excellent job in both these domains. BRC Hurricane Straps are supplied in two materials as follows: Galvalume coated steel sheet to ASTM A792M, Grade 345A, AZ200, in thickness 1. Build strong walls. Take a drywall saw and carefully cut the foam away from the bottom plate in the shape of the strap sufficient to allow installation and attachment to the wall framing. Make a birdsmouth cut on the rafters if installing the tie on the inside of the wall. 5A Right Tie Heavy Duty Galvanized Hurricane Tie 25ct Hurricane Straps Widely Applicable Rafter Ties can Realize Double Reinforcement or Fits for Left-Hander(25pcs) 4. The most popular hurricane straps are made of galvanised steel or stainless steel and they are designed to protect structures from the ravages of adverse weather events such as tropical storms and winter storms. Even the deck has straps. May 10, 2022 · Hunker: How to Calculate Load Bearing Capacity of a Flat Roof. So if a wall is 8' high its dead weight can only restrain 40 to 80 pounds of the hundreds of pounds of uplift that may be applied in a strong hurricane. Like roof trusses, align each strap with the pre-marked locations on the wall studs and secure them firmly. 25 inches wide with 3/4-inch wide flanges. CSHP – High-Performance Coiled Strap Installation. Sep 10, 2023 · Here is a step-by-step guide: Begin by cleaning the roof surface thoroughly to ensure proper adhesion. Position the hurricane straps at regular intervals along the trusses or rafters. anchor bolts hold sill plate. A103. Secure each strap using appropriate fasteners, such as nails or screws. 0mm. Serving the following areas: All Of Florida. Dec 17, 2015 · Class Members of the Gentry hurricane straps class action lawsuit include: “All individuals and entities that own residential structures constructed with hurricane straps embedded in the foundations substantially completed on or after July 20, 2001 in the housing development known as Ewa by Gentry, located in the City and County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, State of Hawaii, and all 1. 11 Roof tie-down. This plays a H1AZ Deck Installation. Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes. Remove The Soffit Outside Of The House. Flying debris, torrential rain, and gale-force winds can all hurt or even kill people. From an insurance and wind mitigation report perspective, the main difference between hurricane clips and hurricane straps is in the level of Hurricane straps, hold-down connectors, and bolts help to transfer loads from the building’s walls to its foundation, increasing resistance to vertical and horizontal pressures acting on the building from wind, waves, or ground movement. If re-roofing your existing home is years away, it is possible for professional contractors to reinforce an existing home's roof-to-wall connections with hurricane straps and clips. When a roof or wall gets blown away during a hurricane, it exposes the occupants to the storm’s wrath. com January 2019 #USP2557 Jul 23, 2015 · Herbert-fty Hurricane Straps H2. Find straps & ties at Lowe's today. This process starts with nailing them into the parallel beam. 18-in 20-Gauge Galvanized Steel Foundation Strap Wood To Wood. Interior walls secured with the ‘shot-in’ type anchors. We want to make sure we address your concerns regarding our H2. And, it is intended to help you decide what protection measures to take first. This is a basic look at the basic building methods in place in Georgia to prevent vertical li Apr 30, 2024 · The straps act as a binder, ensuring the entire structure moves as a singular unit rather than parts of it getting torn away during severe weather. Bearing Aug 24, 2023 · Excessive water can saturate the soil around the foundation, increasing hydrostatic pressure, which can cause cracks, settling, and other foundation problems. 3. The LSTA is designed to resist tension loads in wood-to-wood applications. Although it may seem that the more straps on the home, the more secure it is, this does not apply to mobile homes. We use “stem walls” to create a sturdy home, as it helps to resist movement from the ground during high winds and flooding. No ground leveling or final grade needed for installation. ) Figure 4. FL (727) 557-9304. Our employees live in all the metropolitan areas of Florida, including Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and Tampa. Hurricane anchors Installation and Inspections. Minimum Tensile Strength of 450MPa, Minimum Yield of 345MPa with Elongation of 12%. Dec 11, 2022 · Manufactured homes are especially vulnerable to storms, given their lightweight construction materials, not being tied down to a foundation, and more. It would merely add to the cost of building a home and give owners a false sense of security Applications: used for metal connectors, joist hangers, joist ties, hurricane straps, foundation acnchors and wall bracing; Head style: round head offers high holding power and reduces pull through; Shank style: smooth shank and a sharp diamond point for fast and smooth penetration; Collation type 33° metal connector collated nails; Return Policy May 27, 2022 · A mobile home tie-down is connected to the anchor via a hook-up system that lets you adjust the tension. Newer, hurricane-resistant structures incorporate hurricane ties - metal straps which attach the roof securely to the main part of the house below. Rusting straps cause concrete cracks in foundation wall needs repair. Hurricane straps are a special kind of fasteners that help securely fix the roof to the wall construction. 6. On 2018-06-29 by Gregory T Malarkey . This Guide is intended to help you decide how to protect your home against the winds and rains of hurricanes. even rafter or truss. Hurricane straps make sure that the building stays together. 68. Products and technology that help people design and build safer, stronger homes, buildings, and communities. When installed on the forms with the StrapMate ® strap holder, the unique design of the STHD delivers enhanced stability before Tie (engineering) A hurricane tie used to fasten a rafter to a stud. How many anchor straps must anchor the chassis and how far apart. Upon completion of the installation, fill the voids and seal with a foam friendly construction adhesive. H8. Simpson Strong-Tie. A hurricane strap is a connector that is used to strengthen wood framed roofs and homes. All energy compacted until the roof or the walls is able to be transferred into the foundation or to the adjacent soil. thirdnailguy@gmail. Hurricane straps and ties are often used on the roofs to reinforce them during storms. Reinforce the connection between the top plate and wall joists if needed. Make sure the foundation is secure and able to withstand strong winds. H1A – Hurricane Tie Installation. This rugged clip cradles the truss or rafter on two sides. There is a minimum strap count that is required to secure your mobile home. At the bottom there is two inches of cover and as it angles it up the cover becomes The dead weight of these walls is only 5 to 10 pounds per square foot. ) Secure the Tie-Downs. Slabs will need reinforcement to stand against winds, and piers are beneficial in flood-heavy areas. Simpson Strong Tie H1 clip is one of the most commonly used. Concrete connectors and anchors tie the framing elements to the concrete or concrete block walls and foundation. It comes in various materials, including vinyl, aluminum, and wood. Install storm-resistant windows and doors. Best Metal Hanger Strip: Sioux Chief 524-1022PK2 22-Gauge Metal Hanger Strap. We were required by code to have the plans sent to an engineer that completed a full load and wind impact study. 11. 7-in 16-Gauge Zmax Steel Tie Plate Wood To Wood. These U-shaped hurricane ties provide faster installation than using two single-sided ties. 5 inches (6. Call UnderHome Armor for a Free Inspection of your Hurricane Anchors at 800-377-7875. With hurricane season upon us, now is the time to take measures to protect your property from high winds. This is the panel that goes between the roof’s eaves and the walls of the home. If you have a shed or other outbuilding, it’s important to ensure it is properly secured. 1 When a roof on an existing site-built, single family residential structure is replaced:Roof-de. 844-990-9797. Their primary role is to ensure the roof remains solidly anchored to the walls of the house, reducing the chance of uplift during hurricane-induced wind gusts. 4. 1 Uplift resistance. 4 Metal Plate Connectors, Straps and Anchors. . Structural Engineering Blog. The Weight of Water: As the rainwater accumulates around the foundation, the soil beneath your property can become waterlogged. Human Safety. Jan 10, 2022 · Retrofitting Hurricane straps means adding one or two 16d nails to the existing straps. LTS/MTS Have a 2"-Bend Section That Eliminates Interference at the Transition 2 days ago · National Hurricane Center 11691 SW 17th Street Miami, FL, 33165 nhcwebmaster@noaa. You also need to ensure that the hurricane ties or straps you choose are compatible with the type of joint they will be securing. A Strap must wrap over the truss and be nailed on the opposite side. 1. First things first, you need to secure your tie-downs. Both hurricane clips and hurricane straps are designed to strengthen the connection between a roof and the wall of a house, and to prevent the roof from being lifted off during a hurricane or high winds. Parts of the house are also tied together all of the way down to the foundation providing a path for the roof uplift forces all the way to the foundation. Set a Strong Foundation. The H1A is designed for nominal 2x lumber. 2, Wall Systems and Openings, roof connectors and fasteners must be strong enough to resist the hurricane wind forces VGT – Girder Tiedown Installation. Contact us today! LGT Restoration Services, LLC is a licensed general contractor that provides professional Truss Mitigation and Hurricane Retrofits to homeowners in Florida. Building America Solution Center is a resource of the U. Mar 28, 2024 · Hurricane Strap Repair, fix corroded Simpson Strong Tie Straps in stem wall foundations. These nails go through the base plate of the clip. For existing construction, the easiest time to add hurricane clips is during re-roofing. Selecting The Right Straps Not all straps are created equal. When the hurricane straps corrode, since they are installed, by design, with the same lack of concrete cover allowing the straps to corrode. L anchor with 4 in. This points to the necessity of tying the bottoms of wood frame walls to the floor below and ultimately to the foundation. Hurricane Retrofit Guide. ZMAX galvanization offers extra corrosion resistance for exterior and treated-wood applications. The first step to installing hurricane straps on an existing roof is to remove the soffit on the outside of the house. Get free shipping on qualified Hurricane Tie, Steel Metal Straps products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Building Materials Department. Apr 18, 2023 · Wall connectors and straps. Secure floor frame to the foundation. The H2. ETROFITS FOR EXISTING SITE-BUILT SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES101 Retrofits Required. for "straps" or tie-down requirements for mobile homes. helix. FREE delivery Sat, May 4 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. You will find that many of the retrofits or protective measures are easy to do for a physically fit homeowner. We properly attach hurricane straps, hurricane clips, and roof-to-wall attachments to strengthen your home and save you money. 4 cm) nails. Great for anchoring a variety of situations such as fences, trees, tents, canopies, car ports, awnings and portable sheds. Steadfast Roofing recommends these essential Structural Engineering Blog. ing attachment and fasteners shall be strengthened and corrected as requi. Table of Contents. Use storm shutters or shields to protect inside of shed. They can ensure the foundation and all house’s structural components are sufficiently strong to withstand heavy winds. This step reinforces the connection between the shed's walls and foundation, providing additional stability. Anyone seen this type of strap application? Does it hold as well as anchor bolts? Any information appreciated. We carry a full line of traditional strap style tiedowns made by Minuteman Anchors Inc. Step 3: Determine How Many Tie-Downs to Use. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office. If the straps are located on the inside surface of the wall, are there any indications of additional straps on the inside surface of the wall that connect the top plate to the studs or are there any indications of threaded rods or cables connecting the top plate to the floor or foundation? [ ] Yes [ ] No: 4. The 30 inch 27 results. Jun 2, 2012 · The builder told me the house was required to be strap system that ran from the rafters to the foundation. Eliminates unit damage caused by lawn mowers and equipment. They Resist Uplift at the Heel of a Truss Economically. With a variety of cast-in-place and post-installed options, these steel connectors offer solutions for a wide range of projects when connecting to concrete and grout-filled concrete masonry units (CMU). CS/CMST14 – Coiled Strap Installation. Use Hurricane Straps. The decade of 1996 to 2005 was the one of the most destructive decades in the last century with total hurricane damage of $198 billion. Sep 25, 2020 · 5. Roof and rafter hurricane ties, also called hurricane straps or strips, are galvanized or low-carbon steel connectors used to strengthen wood and metal-framed roofs. wire rope. 4. Straps & Ties. To qualify for this discount these connections need to meet a certain criteria: Minimum of 3 nails for clips and straps. Shop Simpson Strong-Tie 36-in 18-Gauge Galvanized Steel Foundation Strap Wood To Wood in the Straps & Ties department at Lowe's. The specific number of straps required will be in the users’ manual! Jan 26, 2004 · brownbagg | Jan 26, 2004 05:16pm | #9. The H1A provides a connection between the truss or rafter and the wall of the structure that helps resist wind and seismic forces. Tie-downs are anchors and straps that ensure your house stays standing during strong winds, including a hurricane. The symmetrical design eliminates the need for separate right Hurricane T-Shaped Strap. Once you’ve spaced out where you are going to attach the clips, they are ready to be attached. 2018-09. The H8 single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the top of a wall connection. 844 553. </p>. DanH | Nov 10, 2010 07:12am | #4. 5A resists both lateral and uplift loads. Single Strap (a/k/a single wrap or hurricane strap): A metal piece that wraps over The wind-borne debris region is defined as the “portions of hurricane-prone regions that are within 1 mile of the coastal mean high-water line where the basic wind speed is 110 mph (49 m/s) or greater; or portions of the hurricane-prone region where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 120 mph (54 m/s); or Hawaii” (FEMA P-762 2009). Orlando Fl as well as Orange, Osceola, and Seminole counties, and portions of Volusia and Lake counties 407 930-4331. If you have a crack in your foundation, it is important to fix it as soon as possible. These straps consist of metal plates that are secured at various points along the home’s frame, connecting it securely to its foundation. I believe the advantage is that you nail them up the rim Jul 24, 2023 · When designing a mobile home’s foundation, one common method used is installing hurricane straps or tie-downs. Powerworks Inspections. At Florida Hurricane Retrofit LLC, we are committed to protecting you, your family, your home and your wallet. Properties that lie in any tropical weather Nov 5, 2023 · Use 10 screws for a standard u-shaped hurricane tie. S. 92. 15. Clip (a/k/a anchor, fastener, bracket, strip, tie, or hurricane clip): A metal piece that joins your home’s roof to a wall truss without wrapping over the wall truss. Technical Bulletin MiTek-US. Thanks, Tie downs, also commonly referred to as “Hurricane Straps” or “Anchors” are a code requirement for new homes, and often a requirement for insurance and financing on existing homes. ) Use Hurricane Straps and Ties. We used the concrete saw to cut out locations in the existing slab for the anchors. The symmetrical design eliminates the need for separate right and left parts. Remove only the amount of foam necessary to perform the installation. 12-in 12-Gauge Galvanized Steel Foundation Strap Wood To Wood. Concrete slabs or piers will be the best options. 104. 3. 5T resists both lateral and uplift loads. Mobile Home Foundation, Radiant Barrier Insulation, Hurricane Straps. The choice of a hook-up and tension system depends on the type of tie-down you want to install. Dec 10, 2021 · Changing the Building Code to make hurricane straps mandatory on new homes, then, is not the answer. This light strap tie utilizes a staggered nail pattern to help minimize wood Hurricane Tie. Mobile home Tie Downs and Hurricane Anchor Installation. They shall be approved for connecting wood-to-wood or wood-to-concrete as appropriate. WayneL5 | Jan 26, 2004 05:55am | #7. How many straps must go completely over the trailer and how far apart. <p>Seismic and hurricane ties are metal connectors with various configurations. 3 kph) winds come around. Includes 4 anchors, 4 wire rope clips and a 50 ft. The added weight of the water can weaken the soil’s load The STHD is an embedded strap-tie holdown offering high load capacity and a staggered nail pattern to help minimize splitting. The bottoms of the clip engage with the top plate via four screws, creating a very secure connection between the roof and walls. The STHD is an embedded strap-tie holdown offering high loads and a staggered nail pattern to help minimize splitting. 5A single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the rafter/truss-to-top-plate connection. At the foundation level, it's advantageous to use either a strap embedded Sep 11, 2017 · Home Inspections. 1. 5 out of 5 stars 81 Jan 1, 2021 · Step 1. gov. We also stock Xi2 Foundation systems. R802. 24. $2399. After securing the roof, attach hurricane straps to the wall studs. Video showing how to create a continuous load path using hurricane straps and anchor bolts to comply with FLASH Strong Home practices. 16-in 12-Gauge Zmax Steel Foundation Strap Wood To Wood. A35 Studs to Plate Condition. This Q&A were posted originally at MOBILE HOME PIERS. Elevated design improves air flow, reduces blockage, and helps protect units from storm surge. com Customer Service & Technical Assistance Phone: 1-800-328-5934 • Fax: 1-952-898-8605 • Email: USPcustomerservice@mii. Jan 13, 2024 · Step 5: Attaching Hurricane Straps to Wall Studs. The first and most crucial step in building a hurricane-proof storage shed is laying a steady foundation to keep it grounded. Hurricane straps and ties are effective as reinforcements for hurricane-proof homes. (Source: FEMA P-499 2010. No more than 1/2″ spacing from the truss. The science of hurricane protection has evolved significantly over the past decade, fueled by an intensely destructive period of hurricane activity. Aug 1, 2007 · I am looking for information on anchoring the wallplate to the foundation. [1] It is the opposite of a strut or column, which is designed to resist compression. Rafter Condition. 131-in x 2-1/2-in nails or (10) #9 x 1-1/2-in Strong-Drive SD screws. A35 Joist to Beam Condition. So, if cost savings and payback time are your primary concern, check with your insurance agent first for the approximate dollar savings for the upgrade. Front-to-back concrete bond is strengthened by the slots below the embedment line and also aids in reducing spalling. 5A 18-Gauge Hurricane Tie. 25 inches long by 5. The builder used metal straps embedded in the foundation, wrapped across the top of the plate and secured, instead of anchor bolts. Oct 21, 2009 · Jun 22, 2010. 5T ties are available in left- and right-hand models and can be installed in pairs. Clips. As with wall framing connections discussed in Fact Sheet 3. 15 in. 5A Strong Tie Brackets with Screws Trusses/Rafters Ties for Wood (Left/25pcs) 3. What Are Hurricane Straps? Hurricane straps, sometimes termed roof tie-downs or hurricane ties, are specifically designed metal connectors. The H16 is a high-capacity hurricane tie that connects trusses to the top of wall plates in wood framing walls. Simplifies equipment inspection and service. Stainless Steel Sheet to ASTM A240-S31603, in thickness of 1. We have straps on the sheathing too. “Proper installation is key to ensuring the effectiveness of hurricane ties. 1300 N Betty Ln, Strengthen connections by installing hurricane clips, anchors, straps, connectors and fasteners compatible with the roof system, as shown in Figure 3. Most houses built pre-2001 qualify for retrofitting clips to meet current insurance standards. Relevance. Photo by Greg Coppa/Cote & D’Ambrosio, Inc. Its a code item here, must have both, anchor bolts and straps. One way to do this is to use hurricane straps. By doing this, you’re basically attaching the roof to the foundation of the house, making it extremely hard for a hurricane to lift it and leave you without a roof over your head. 884, Florida Statutes, strengthening of e. straps hold stud and then hurrican straps at top. This can prevent it from growing worse and causing more serious problems in the future. Double-check that all straps are tightly secured and properly aligned. Straps. See our blog post Is it worth it to upgrade my roof tie-down hurricane straps for a better wind mitigation insurance discount? if you want to improve your roof-to-wall connection for better hurricane-resistance Mar 18, 2019 · Double straps – 2 metal connectors that wrap over the truss. Reinforce the roof with hurricane straps. Hurricane Tie. 101. Stormproof homes have roofs designed to withstand high winds and flying debris. Statewide for Florida Toll Free Number 800 377-7885. lj rn xn uh ij ek lm wg xg hs
