Hydraulic lift cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and configurations and are used in a wide range of applications, from industrial to agricultural. 2. Figure 3 Escaping fluid under pressure can penetrate skin causing serious injury. #19. Loosen & put a small vacuum hose on the tip of the bleeder valve on the slave cylinder & the other end in a jar of fluid so you can see the bubbles come out when pushing the pedal in. Close the valve – Once the system has been bled, close the bleed valve Jun 3, 2015 · Trouble bleeding your hydraulic clutch? Check out this video to see where the air bubble is, where it comes from and how to easily get it out. Park your vehicle on a flat, dry surface and install wheel chocks. We sell a variety of steel plugs and can walk you through the process if you have questions. This is fine for certain applications (utilities, for example). Picture of cylinder would be helpful. Jun 28, 2007 · M59 said: MadJack, The usual route for hydraulic fluid, under high pressure, out to the cylinder and then back to hydraulic reservoir via a low ( no pressure) pressure line where entrained air or vapor ( air bubbles or vaporized water if excessively contaminated fluid is in use and fluid is very hot) is separated out. Start the unit and boom up allowing the hydraulics to go over relief (dead head). If there is no oil flowing from the bleeder, the cylinder packing is good. 0:39m. bleed screw when no air is present in the oil coming out the tube attached to the bleeder screw. robinhood. Rather than choosing a generic, all-purpose cylinder, we recommend selecting Purpose-Built™ cylinders for your business. 1. Uncap the master cylinder and use a vacuum pump or turkey baster to remove most of the old brake fluid. Nov 26, 2014 · We are working on a F550 boom truck (Im not sure on exact year, 01 maybe) with a 4r100 and a Chelsea "power shift" 242/244 PTO running an Eaton hydraulic pump. Jun 3, 2020 · Get a FREE stock: http://join. 3. Your hydraulic suction screen is restricted. Bleeding the brakes is a common procedure aimed at removing air from the hydraulic brake system on your vehicle. Sep 14, 2018 · When I thought I was done I've learned that I needed to bleed the hydraulic lifters. Hydraulic fluid contamination in a front-end loader can be caused by several things, including dirt, water, air, and other objects. Step 1: Preparation. Allow the air to escape. Sep 21, 2011 · Bleed valves for the release of air from the pilot system oil. 4. We show you how your Ku Mar 21, 2024 · Bleeding the brakes also gives you the chance to replace older brake fluid. Put the body up lever in the center/hold position. com/i/J1Vmu1TrNz6c/pht/My Camera:https://rover. cylinder’s Step 7. To bleed a hydraulic bucket truck, you’ll need to remove all of the air and replace it with hydraulic fluid. 1953 Ford NAA. With the wrench, slowly loosen the bleeder screw about one-half turn. Tech Tip #02 - Adjusting System Relief Pressure. Step 2: Connect the Pump Sep 3, 2017 · Raise and support vehicle and remove slave cylinder attaching bolts. Fully depress clutch pedal, then open bleed valve. Basic Training Package. Oct 17, 2023 · It's important to note that the process of bleeding air from a hydraulic system can vary depending on the specific type of equipment or system you are workin Sep 16, 2013 · However, if it's just a short length of hose, not much air will get in the system to affect bucket leveling. Bleeding the hydraulic system is an essential part of truck maintenance in Texas. The flow meter shows 4gpm when pto first engages, almost instantly drops to 0. From the ARCHIVES. DO NOT use your hand Sep 16, 2013 · I decommission AT&T bucket trucks before they go to auction, so I have everything that I have by default. If you plan to work on a hydraulic pump or machine, choose a surface that is level. The small bottle doesn’t hold a lot of brake fluid 1 day ago · How to Bleed Air from a Hydraulic System. Ove Aug 1, 2020 · Learn how to diagnose and fix problems with loader control valve or cylinders in this informative video. Bleeding the boom holding valves. com/gregp3 Get 2 FREE Stocks : https://act. That is probably the highest point in your hydraulic system so you are probably right. Dirt, for example, can get trapped in the hydraulic system lines and block filters, which will cause the pressure in the system to drop and reduce the performance of the machine. Open the bleed valve by turning it counterclockwise until it is fully open. These units have ¼” nylaflow tubing that carries hydraulic fluid the full length of the boom, from upper controls to lower controls. Open the hood and secure it. Locate the bleed valve (s) on the cylinder. Attach the hose to the bleed screw, open it up, and watch old brake fluid and air flow out of the lines like water through the Aqua Virgo aqueduct on the way to Rome. Remove the old brake fluid. There is probably air trapped in there. To bleed a hydraulic cylinder, you will need the following tools: a bleed hose, a container, clean hydraulic fluid, and a bleed block. This will prime the hydraulic pump in short order and restore the rear 3 pt lift. Most cyl have the ports near the ends of the cyl, and would be hard to air lock. Tech Tip #05 - Fiber Optic Installation and Repair. Flushed the master with new fluid by sticking the hose to the slave in a bucket and filling the master until I had only clean fluid. Pour just enough fluid into the jar to cover the end of the hose - this way no air can be sucked back into the system. D. Dec 14, 2016 · In 90 seconds learn how to fill and bleed a two-post lift©2016 Vehicle Service GroupSM, All Rights Reserved. The process involves opening a valve to allo May 25, 2010 · Step 3 – Open the Bleeder Screw. to/2RjpI5n - Li Jan 15, 2010 · You have to open the bleeder valve on the slave cylinder ( make the valve is pointing up). If necessary, the process can be repeated until A bucket truck’s boom and bucket move easily due to their hydraulics. Look for another lift service/sales/repair company near you. Allis Chalmers ED 40. Open the bleed valve at the top for the air to escape. STEP 1 Start the truck engine, complete procedure for engaging the PTO and pump, set your Feb 15, 2023 · 6 Basic steps to perform. Release the clutch Nov 18, 2021 · As the lower boom goes up and down it moves the master cylinder which in turn moves the upper bucket slave cylinder. Mar 11, 2024 · To effectively bleed hydraulic cylinders, follow these steps: Identify the bleeding cylinder (s) based on the symptoms mentioned earlier. Don’t forget to check the fluid level in your master cylinder in Nov 29, 2006 · That will tell you if you have flow and pressure. And the second is when a load is hanging on a double-acting cylinder. Try to position the cylinder with the ports facing up. Click on this link or go to the last page in this document for units built after 2007. In order to do so, you will need to open up the single acting hydraulic cylinder to its full extension and leave it extended for several minutes to allow the air to naturally rise to the top. Leave it open until the hydraulic fluid from the valve flows freely. First, the hydraulic system should be filled with hydraulic oil. com/rover/1/71 Step 5. I use the same method in this video where we replace a brake caliper : https://www. Open bleeder valve on slave until all the air is "bled out". Make sure that the hydraulic cylinder and all of its connections are clean and that the hydraulic fluid is at the appropriate level. Connect it to boost and drop it ina 5 gal bucket. The next step is to begin the bleeding process. If it is on flat ground not so bad if your on a slight grade be more careful. Bucket trucks have an extendable boom and a bucket (large enough to hold a person) attached at the end. If you liked this video please consider dropping a l Press the clutch pedal 10-15 times or until it gets firm while pressing (if there is air in the system it will not be firm, so just press the pedal 15 times) Press the pedal to the very end and hold. If you had some lines/connections opened on the suction side of the pump and suddenly NOW have air in oil, then that would be a likely starting point. If any leaks are found, they should be repaired before the bleeding process begins. If you don’t do this, you could endanger yourself by adding air to the lines. Before starting the process of how to bleed a hydraulic cylinder, there are some preparations that must be done. Sep 8, 2017 · Sep 9, 2017. Locate the Bleed Valve. I have the good fortune of having a very good friend who owns such a company and keeps my old telsta on the road. If your cylinder is double acting, attach hoses to both couplers and use a double-acting pump. Then, the system should be checked for leaks. Next, place the hydraulic cylinder below the pump – either by elevating the pump or lowering the cylinder. Start the engine and set the governor control to high idle. we will see, hydraulic pressure is created or limited by several factors: • load to be moved • displacement of the hydraulic motor, or the area of the . Jan 20, 2023 · Hydraulic Fluid Contamination. Feb 25, 2021 · How to properly bleed the NUTT (or most) Hydraulic Brakes on your escooter or ebike! Let's dive right in. If necessary, add more hydraulic fluid to the system. Feb 2, 2016 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Mar 15, 2010 · Hi there. Tighten down the bleeder screw (1/4 inch wrench) and proceed to the next step. Recently replaced a final drive hose which had split and caused quite a bit of hydraulic fluid loss before it was noticed. Then i recomend parking the truck on a steep grade and Hydraulic cylinders are of two types - single-acting cylinder and double acting A single-acting hydraulic cylinder is that type of Jan 13, 2021 · The screw position is kind of irrelevant when calibrating a hydraulic system and pumps. Winchester Ky. It’s a good idea to read the owner’s manual or consult a mechanic to make sure that you’re purchasing the correct type of brake fluid for your vehicle. To bleed a vehicle's brake lines (which are hydraulic), position the vehicle on the flat surface of your garage, level concrete pad, or even a level street. Open your hydraulic cylinder bleeder valve, following manufacturer instructions Oct 29, 2021 · Partially close the cylinder when all the air has raised to the top of the cylinder. Actually, as . This indicates all the air has been bled out. the slave on this truck has no bleeder, you simply need to pump the pedal about 500 times until you get some clutch movment. These cylinders are built specifically for your industry and equipment, so they are For More Info visit us at: http://1aau. Nov 1, 2011 · Just working to get my boom truck functional once again so that it might be used to build a metal building for me. It is driven by a hydraulic pump and is powered by pressurized hydraulic fluid. Do not release clutch pedal with bleed valve open as air will be drawn into hydraulic system. Nov 3, 2011 · 3. turning off the truck's engine. When you let the body down always put the control lever back in the neutral position. This valve is used to release excess pressure and air from the system. Woods 5' Brushhog. Keep away from leaks and pin holes. The process of bleeding air from a hydraulic brake system is simple, yet can become absolutely infuriating in no time for seemingly no reason. The basic steps for bleeding brakes are as follows: Start with the brake farthest from the master cylinder (usually the rear brakes). Position a container beneath the bleed valve (s) to collect any fluid that may Oct 22, 2022 · Best Answer. When you do figure out the issue, if there's a part that you need feel free to give me a call 614-352-6052. Click the card to flip 👆. webull. Greater than 1/8", remove MC, pushrod and line as one piece, go to bench and position MC pushrod down from horizontal 30-45 degrees. Oct 24, 2018 · Once reassembled I continued the bleeding process explained above and managed to get all 6 functions working again. Taking pressure off is as simple as turning the tractor off,with the bucket on the ground move the control lever{joystick} thru all the funtions and it'll let take any pressure off the lines. . Especially if your having trouble bleeding the lines. Now, go into the cab and pump the brakes about 10 to 15 times. If you need a A hydraulic lift cylinder is a hydraulic component that is used in forklifts to lift the forks. Joy to the Garage. Joey walks you through the necessary steps in order to correctly bleed drum brakes or disc brakes on a trailer with a hydraulic surge actuator. This may take some time depending on the amount of air. An old pop bottle with a hole drilled in the lid works great. Relieve pressure before disconnecting hydraulic lines. :laughing: I wrap a rag around the fitting and smack the ball against something solid (like the grapple it's attached to). If you cycle the lift and bucket cylinder a couple times, all air is gone. Get 5 quarts of specd hydraulic oil and top off tank. May 28, 2010 · As stated above just cycle the loader up and down as well as curl the bucket tilt and dump the air will work out on its own. Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 until all the air is out of the clutch system. Introduction to Hydraulic Systems. to bleed the air out of the lines. As the flow from the screw fitting slows, re-tighten the bleeder screw until it is snug, and completely closed, but easily loosened again. Top off with fluid. We had issues with connecting the 4-in-1 bucket to the Bobcat, too, sometimes whacking the fitting with a 6x6x18" block, or even a wood fence post. It worked in my case. Avoid working on a driveway surface which is usually sloping. When you open it up, have your buddy continuous fill the reservoir until all the air is out of the system. Open the bleed valve – The bleed valve is located on the hydraulic cylinder and should be opened by hand. As for the hydralic resevior it Nov 13, 2019 · Don't use the dealer. Jun 16, 2022 · Hydraulic lines have a lot of pressure and at times, will not connect or dis-connect. Use a piece of cardboard or paper to search for leaks. The intent is to allow the trapped air to escape back to the sump and minimize the amount of fluid that flows out of the system. Watch and get tips from an experienced mechanic. Tell me more. Don’t bleed the master cylinder completely dry. However, there remains a constant fluid flow that results in significant hydraulic losses, inefficient system performance, and wasted energy. Two-day course, (16 hours) This course is intended to provide an understanding of the most important hydraulic concepts used on Altec products. The air bleeding procedure is as follows: • Attach a 1/4 inch hose to the bleeder valve and immerse the other end in a bucket with hydraulic oil in it, just enough oil to cover the end of the hose. Politely if necessary stretch the line down to create an uphill flow path for any air bubbles. Then, place the container underneath the bleed port and slowly open the bleed valve. No more air bubbles or clutch problems! Jul 26, 2022 · Attach your hose to the cylinder – if empty of oil it will take longer to bleed. As you can see from the video, no one wou What is a Hydraulic Cylinder? A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical device that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to generate linear displacement. Tractor. The first step is to prepare the system for bleeding. Few vehicles use manual systems anymore, but many classic cars still have the original manual system installed, and manual brakes were still available up until around 1990. Location. It takes about Feb 19, 2011 · Turn the tractor off and cycle all the hydraulic controls first one way and then the other (that won't work nowadays due to electro-hydraulics--you have to start the tractor to drop the 3-pt hitch. From the day of your purchase through the life cycle of your equipment, Altec is here to support you every step of the way with service, financing, safety training, tools, parts, fleet management and more. Dec 11, 2005 · What you might do, is insert a shim between the rocker and the valve (like a feeler gauge), then crank down the adjuster. The bleed valve is typically a small valve or screw, often found at the topmost part of the cylinder or near the hose connections, depending on the design of the cylinder. Dec 13, 2023 · First, locate your hydroboost pump and open the bleed valve. Unscrew the bleed fitting and watch the air bubbles go through the hose and once they stop flowing tighten the fitting back up. In this arrangement, the volume of Altec AM855-MH Bucket Truck - Outrigger Operation Oct 13, 2014 · 1,632. Tech Tip #03 - Bleeding the Hydraulic Leveling System. The bleed valve should be opened until the fluid is free of air bubbles, at which point the valve should be closed and the system checked for leaks. Using an auxiliary power system to restore power temporarily to the hydraulic system. ). #12. Make sure to open it slowly and only a few turns. It consists of a cylinder barrel, in which a piston connected to a piston rod moves back and forth. You need to drain the oil, plug is on Right rear corner of axle housing. Bleeding is a good way to ensure safe operation. Now, just put the other end of the tube over bleeder, and open it. A whole bunch of us aren't that patient. You may notice bubbles in the fluid as the air escapes from the system. Locate the bleed valve. to/h/H5/In this video 1A Auto shows you how to bleed or purge the air from the system by yourself00:00 How to Bleed Br Sep 20, 2011 · One person brake bleeding method used to purge air from brake lines. Worked fine on the NAA and several 8ns that had similar lift problems. Next, slowly pump the brake pedal several times and keep an eye on the fluid level in the reservoir. #5. Check the lines – After the valve is opened, check the lines to make sure there are no air bubbles in the system. The first step is to connect the bleed hose to the bleed port of the cylinder. Aug 2, 2014 · 1990 ford 50ft High Ranger bucket truck I've done that several times with no luck it seems like I'm missing something I know it's a low pressure system but it doesn't seem like I'm getting any pressure to push the fluid where it's supposed to go Aug 27, 2015 · The number one thing you can do to prevent hydraulic cylinder drift and failure is using high-quality, Purpose-Built™ cylinders. Mar 11, 2020 · For bucket trucks that have a pilot control system, like Teco, MAT3, and Hi-Rangers, it may be necessary to bleed air out of the pilot system from time to time. Bought it with bad dual mass flywheel. The screen is on the thin bolt head at the rear of the suction pipe on Right side, just ahead of rear axle. Fill master up. For proper calibration you need both pressure gauges and a comparable flow meter that will handle the OEM specs of flow covered in the service book in order to set both pressure and Flow according to specs. These clutches are gravity fed, so there is no need of pumping the pedal to bleed it. Jan 27, 2009 · Dump cylinders always allow air to enter them. Open the bleed valve. The larger the size of the hole, the greater the amount of wasted energy. Uncap the master cylinder and use the vacuum pump or turkey baster to remove most of the old brake fluid. Diesel takes bucket trucks with hydraulic lifts into the heavy-duty arena – like construction work. Jun 12, 2019 · Mike Bumbeck. Top off the master cylinder, then pump the brake pedal a few times. Close bleeder valve. Lower the dump truck cylinder until the front of the dump body is approximately 2 feet off the chassis frame. Using escape equipment. Bump to the top hoping for suggestions on my new zf-6 truck. Close bleed valve, then release clutch pedal. If your question was how to get take something apart on one I'd be your guy. A mixture of fluid and air should come out of the valve. The hyd lock system is not working. Now if you check out the controls on the boom , right there on the control valve body, there is probably a plug on the side of the valve body that can be loosened slightly to let the air creep out . Mar 21, 2024 · When it comes to vehicular braking systems, there are three main types—manual (non-power assist), vacuum brake booster assist, and hydraulic brake booster assist. When this happens there is a simple solution. Then, attach a clear hose to the valve and place the other end into a container to collect the brake fluid. (dont even think of running it like that!) After a while, it will bleed down. Aug 17, 2004 · The completely perfect way to do it is to take a couple wrenches and take the fitting loose until the pressure (and oil) releases. Feb 23, 2016 · Watch this 8-minute video to understand how this happens. Oct 29, 2019 · Oct 29, 2019. The unique characteristics of hydraulic fluid allow it to flow through a valve, the valve moves a piston Jan 4, 2024 · 1. Hope you have suction gun use it to empty p/s pump resivour. No change in engine RPM when line restriction is added, no hydraulic pressure built. In this video I troubleshoot and repair a problem with the control electronics of a hydraulic bucket truck used for servicing signs. Install the swing lock pin and lower the boom assembly to the ground. But if it's a good length of hose, I typically would replace the hose then crack open the hose fittings for the leveling cylinder at the bucket, operate manual leveling, and purge air from hoses in that manner. Then you can remove the shim and proceed to adjust. ebay. Clutch worked. 1 Check and refill the reservoir as needed while bleeding. If you level the cyl and open the fittings, you might be able to bleed any air trapped. Sep 10, 2013 / Another question about my Altec Typically, bucket trucks with hydraulic lifts that run on gasoline are smaller with lower working height and side reach capacity. Hi Everyone, Looking for instructions on the procedure to bleed air from the hydraulic system on our EX120-3. Ep04 11:54m. Edit: forgot to mention, to rebuild the pistol grip controller only cost $8, well worth it to go ahead and rebuild. Mar 4, 2016 · Leave the dump body in this position for several minutes to allow air to rise to the top of the cylinder. Loosen the hyd line @ cylinder. Jun 30, 2016 · It’s a simple three step process: First, connect your hydraulic cylinder hose to the port that best meets your needs. determined by a setting or an adjustment on a relief valve. Releasing the Air. Note: If there is oil flowing from either bleeder, the packing in that cylinder is bad and the Jun 6, 2012 · Sep 11, 2014. Open the bleed screw on the concentric slave cylinder in order to expel the air. Open the bleeder valve slowly until air bubbles appear in the hydraulic fluid in the bucket. The air and hydraulic fluid will flow out of Steps to Bleed a Single Acting Hydraulic Cylinder Step 1: Prepare the System. This was posted on utube with a step by step procedure. Dec 24, 2018 · This video is about HYDRAULIC LINE REPAIR ON A DUMP TRUCK#justinsturgilltrucking #hydraulic #dumptruckrepairOfficial Website (new look and new merchandise) h Jun 5, 2010 · Step 1 - Choose the Best Work Environment. The system will bleed itself eventually, but only once you've eliminated any sources for air. I researched a lot and here is how you do it. After you have brought all the air to the top of the single acting hydraulic Tech Tip #01 - Bleeding Air out of Power Assist Controls. https://amzn. Topped off the hydraulic fluid after the repair and ran the machine which seems to operate IN A TRUCK-MOUNTED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM? There are those who believe that system operating pressure is . At Altec, we pride ourselves on maintaining consistent relationships with our customers that continue beyond your initial purchase. Using the lower controls to maneuver the boom. The hose being in the fluid will keep air from going back in when releasing the pedal. Gravity is the simplest one-person brake bleeding method. The piston rod is usually connected to a hydraulic ram, which is used to generate linear motion or force. At this point, your assistant can allow the Feb 4, 2006 · 82prerunner. Close the bleed screw and release the clutch pedal. This can be done using a manual bleed valve, or a pump-style bleed valve. Dec 30, 2018 · You can remove the dipstick and blow compressed air down the tube. Most dump truck drivers leave the control in the down position this allows fluid to return to the tank if the packing rings on the cylinder leak slightly. However, using the incorrect type may affect the seals, damage the system, or even cause brake failure. #1. Lift the car, place it on jack stands and remove the wheels for easy access. Loosen the bleeder valve on the brake caliper or wheel cylinder and attach the clear plastic tube to the valve. Before you begin the bleeding process, you must first locate the bleed valve on your hydraulic cylinder. Once the bubbling stops close the valve. Step 3: Bleed the Cylinder. These are usually small screws or plugs positioned at a high point on the cylinder. Oct 31, 2022 · Learn how to bleed a hydraulic clutch on your Ford F-150 with this simple and clear video tutorial. The first is a double-rod cylinder - where volume is equal on both sides of the piston. Jan 8, 2016 · Sep 4, 2016. The course begins with basic hydraulic principles and progresses to more intermediate and advanced concepts. Tech Tip #04 - Rotation Bearing Deflection Test - Digger Derrick. 1970 Ford 4000. Turn the plunger on the track brake valve all the way in. Bleed the cylinders down, you will have to do each one a little at a time to prevent the truck from tipping to much. Jim. These inexpensive Bleed-O-Matic type setups work well. Depending on your industry and purpose you know which port is best for your job. Important: Ensure no air is drawn into the clutch system. Make sure resevoir doesn't go dry during this. Next, plug the additional port with a steel plug. Need helper to keep pouring in fluid while you are in a RUNNING truck with wheels off ground and at a reasonable TRUCK SERVICE MANUAL Body Builder Electrical Data Book Truck Model: 3200 Truck Model: 4100 Truck Model: 4200 Truck Model: 4300 Truck Model: 4400 Truck Model: 7300 Truck Model: 7400 Truck Model: 7500 Truck Model: 7600 Truck Model: 7700 Truck Model: 8500 Truck Model: 8600 S08300, Formerly PBB-73000B 08/10/2005 S08300 Spongy clutch? Filthy Rich shows you a simple way to bleed a sealed hydraulic clutch system on a Dodge, Chevrolet, GMC, or Ford transmission! Of course, this Aug 20, 2014 · If you test in chassis and it IS only 1/8" proceede to gravity bleeding as noted below. . Jun 17, 2020 · Start with the wheel furthest from your master cylinder, crack open the speed bleeder, attach a hose to bleeder and install it into a catch can or bottle. Hold slave cylinder at approximately 45°angle with bleed valve at highest point. Air will normally purge after several attempts. One technician operates the controls from the platform while the second technician cracks the bleeders at the lower control valve. Unless otherwise indicated, Rotary Lift® and all Oct 27, 2007 · Master cylinder for clutch, 1. Replaced with single disc valair and new slave. Move the safety lever to the OPERATE position. This will cause the spring to load the lifter. 5. there should be a bucket level valve in the bucket ( some have one at the lower controls also) this is to reposition the bucket or to turn it to help in cleaning it out. If you grasp the theory at work here, you'll probably realize there are a couple of exceptions. Once all of the air bubbles stop coming from the rubber tubing and a solid stream of hydraulic fluid is present, close the bleed screw by turning it clockwise with a box-end wrench. The boom is raised and lowered and/or extended using hydraulics. Loosen the bleed screw by turning it counterclockwise with a box-end wrench until hydraulic fluid starts to flow out of the rubber tubing into the bucket. Place the other end of the tube in the container to catch the old brake fluid. Drill a second tiny air hole in the lid. youtu Aug 22, 2019 · Pull return hose off the hydro boost and get 6’ of 3/8” line. Luckily, Davin is here to help you stay out of trouble with the latest Hagerty DIY. po th em nx ir ev gc xm wa nv