Hotas setup for dcs

Last UpdatedMarch 5, 2024

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Flight Hotas X. Now with kneeboards! Discussion primarily focuses on DCS: World and BMS. 1. 2020-01-10: Version 1. Comments: 10. The stick base and gimbal is however pretty so-so compared to other brands, so if you have a large budget I would by a TM WH HOTAS-set, unscrew the A-10-grip, throw the base out (or go through some hoops buying only the throttle and grip) and then go for a Virpil T-50 base. We recommend that you install the latest driver and SmartTechnology (ST) programming software from our website. In a PC Monitor Setup you may want to program more of the functions to the joystick. Initial release. Jul 31, 2021 · To install: 1. We've put everything you need to get started with your X56 Space/Flight H. Feb 16, 2019 · TUTORIALS: https://grimreapers. Go to game Options/Controls/F-16C Sim. Jun 6, 2018 · I’ve got the Thrustmaster t16000 fcs hotas which works really well with dcs and as far as track ir goes I use the trackhat clip which I bought from there website as a great alternative it uses the ps3 eye cam with the red filter removed but comes with the clip if you get the complete kit which was only £48 pound another alternative is the delan clip which I’ve heard is really good to Nov 15, 2018 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright If you have a console controller, you can make DCS work with it. License: Freeware - Free version, Unlimited distribution. Ones clicked in any box in any of the controls go and load that specific control that is located in your A-10C Tutorial Playlist: https://www. CH Products Combat Stick: good old reliable, it will last you a long time without fail. Download the overview file and master the cockpit. Size: 2. Force Correlate / AUTO. Com'on guys/gals help us out so we can join you in the skies for a session of 'warheads on foreheads'. 16000M HOTAS setup. But I’ve been struggling a lot with the software associated w/ the X52. I found these assignments to be useful and easy to use in a scrap. poly-lt-wire May 3, 2021 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Hotas is definitely not needed when it comes to flying full fidelity aircraft. Sep 9, 2019 · Learn how to download and install Cap's Key and X-56 HOTAS with this YouTube tutorial by Grim Reapers. Posted March 22, 2023. Also consider if you could get by with using the Warthog's throttle ministick for yaw. 2. I created this button mapping template for the Turtle Beach VelocityOne Flight Deck HOTAS (Throttle and FlightStick) to help the community. 🕹️ Ready to elevate your flight simulation experience? Join me in this comprehensive tutorial as we dive into the world of configuring the #thrustmaster T. The Stick and Throttle Joystick Profiles are attached that match the layout. F-15E HOTAS profile for the Thrustmaster T. Cougar Mode: After downloading the Profile into the Cougar memory, make sure that on the Cougar Control Panel the mode "Button & Axis emulation" is ON (green). Available control binds for the Phantom are exhaustive. If you don’t update the firmware, your flight But the X56’s buttons are also very useful. be/ Nov 6, 2022 · PC: i7 8700k 32GB DDR4 3200 Mhz RTX 3070 Ti Hotas Warthog Thrustmaster TPR Track ir 5 Bodnar BBI-32 Beyerdynamic DT-770 Pro Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 Lewitt LCT 240 Pro Jets: A-10A A-10C Warthog A-10C II F-14 Tomcat F-16C Viper F-5E Tiger II F/A-18C Hornet F-15C Su-33 MiG-29 F-86F Sabre Feb 1, 2021 · There’s even a line of collective grips on the way, which will be perfect for the new helicopters coming to DCS World and Microsoft Flight Simulator in the not-to-distant future. Processor provides dependable and fast execution of tasks with maximum efficiency. com/GrimReapersPAYPAL(one-off donations): https://www. Downloaded: 11222. com/cha May 17, 2021 · Virtual Desktop is our preferred method of streaming PC VR to Quest 2 over Wi-Fi, but it costs $20. eu/vpc-mongoost-50cm2-grip. net/tutorialsPATREON(monthly donations): https://www. paypal. Jun 24, 2023 · After all, the TM Warthog is one of the most popular available. Size: 14. Based on the real Viper flight stick, this life-size replica, officially licensed by the U. lua Fetching info Throttle - HOTAS Warthog {93AD07C0-27AF-11e7-800A-444553540000}. So if you want a precise stick, get the t16000. The Thrustmaster T. gg/kADuSzS Mar 11, 2024 · A lengthy setup time in Microsoft Flight Simulator was unavoidable for me at launch, though Turtle Beach claims ready-made button profiles are on the way, and many enthusiasts will prefer the Back in the day I got a Warthog HOTAS for $220 (pre-MSFS 2020) and broke the base in drunken stupidity. Start DCS World Single Player. world/topic/283298-dcs-ah-64d-faq/#comment-4858067Pre-Order and Save 30%https://www. Put the files in the folder stayed, then when in game menu, go to options and go to F15 simulator "off course" :thumbup: and click any ware of the bar of the different controls : Keyboard, joystick, throttle and pedals. Graphics: NVIDIA or AMD Videocard (6GB) I'm new to DCS (not flight sim), I have a pretty decent flight sim setup but I'm getting into dcs and I really don't know which HOTAS to buy. Warthog is straight up avoid tier. Posted August 2, 2019. CCD. This video is provided to help new players un May 3, 2019 · This is my F-14 Tomcat profile for the T16000M HOTAS, it has been created with rudder pedals and TrackIR/VR in mind so rudder, brakes and POV movement are not bound into the HOTAS. 72 Mb. Dec 29, 2017 · Cheers Specter. Fire up DCS World and load the . This is a PDF of the layout of the hotas controls for the X56 Logitech Stick & Throttle for the SU-25T. This gives you TMS, DMS, CMS, and trim hats in nearly the same physical location as the A-10/F-16. Settings profile for the Mig-29. Jul 1, 2023 · Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog PILOT + WSO Profiles v1. -. 1,7, 2x USB 2. In the case of the A-10 and F-16 they have the same sticks but that’s about as similar as it gets. Memory: 16 GB RAM. Comments: 1. The gimbal isn't the best, they tend to wear out in time, there are parts and fixes available here and elsewhere to deal with this sticktion issue. lua Fetching info This Saved Games folder you can transfer with the help of standard means of your OS. pr0 file to *:\Users\Public\Documents\Mad Catz\X-55 Rhino and activate it in the X-55 Rhino software. In the window that opens, go to the Location tab. Language: English. Alternatively, you can use an Oculus Link cable or one of the best Link cable alternatives to 1:1 scale replica. Comments: 16. 15 Mb. The stick is far superior in terms of feel and internal build quality. X52 HOTAS setup. dif. 12. right here. lua) for stick & throttle included - MS Word diagrams included Controls. com/ref/drewski/ Follow my Twitch! h What you'll need to run Digital Combat Simulator. youtube. This HOTAS has ALOT of programmable buttons. 9k. Next copy the . The issue with that is that you'll have to memorize the cockpit and assign stick/hotas binds to the controller. Hi. May 21, 2021 · Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog. There are no videos available for this product. 16000M HOTAS is a great entry-level pick for folks who have caught the flight bug There's a few options on the market but the T. lua's to the corresponding devices in DCS and you're ready to go. Apr 11, 2018 · Cage TDC to TVV ². lua file which has the mappings (from another post in the forums) to allow you to use 3 pos switches as 3 pos switches :) Joystick - HOTAS Warthog {93AC6B80-27AF-11e7-8006-444553540000}. To save some time instead of watching the video more than once i wrote down all the controls so u can print and bind Jun 29, 2023 · Type - Device Profiles. Jul 29, 2018 · While DCS World offers a very powerful means to setup your controls, it can be a bit confusing for new players. Untick "Use mouse" in the VR tab in DCS settings which locks the cursor to your HMD. Oct 9, 2014 · First of all make sure your joystick is plugged in before you start up DCS World. Have a look at the T16000M FCS+TWCS HOTAS. This is my first experience trying to use a software of this nature - I’ve done some in-game key/joystick mapping with relatively simple devices, but this software is Jun 17, 2018 · Warthog is as good as it gets button mapping/layout wise. Air Force, is crafted of industrial-grade materials for a maximum product lifespan. Ones clicked in any box in any of the controls go and load that specific control that is located in your Date - 02/04/2019 20:50:50. This is a work on progress. Feb 22, 2022 · Yes, the Hercules mod has guns you can aim but they're dodgy at best. The Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog is the premiere HOTAS joystick and throttle for DCS: it was modeled from the real stick and throttle from the A-10C (in turn based on the F-16 HOTAS) and is solidly constructed from metal (weighing in at a whopping 14 pounds). Hey y'all. It's great for modern aircraft like the ones you mentiomed and will make some of that set up easier. Check our Logitech Warranty here. 1 - Boresight is resetting the view to point forward in relation to the aircraft's nose and remaining there. I wanted to find out more so, thanks to Thrustmaster, I was able to get the FCS flight pack (which includes the stick, pedals, and throttle) for review. dcs. 0:00 Intro1:44 Download/Installation4:30 OperationDownload: https://github. lua to setup my own countermeasures profiles: Bypass to dispense one flare and wall dispense to dispense one chaff. Tags: A10C, Thrustmaster T. You may need to assign the axis yourself in the game See "readme" file inside updates: Ideal HOTAS setup, DCS, and $200 budget do not go together. Warthog (stick only) + TWCS throttle might be an option as well, that throttle has a rudder rocker on the front. Also I have no idea how all of you don't have wires everywhere in the back. O. Please make sure your PC meets the following minimal requirements: OS: 64-bit Windows 10, DirectX11. S. Since I'm in Canada, there also the whole shipping and duties problem that exists. Sort by: Icehoodedfox. metapcs. A. To ensure that your F/A-18C Hornet Add-On Grip functions correctly with the HOTAS Warthog base, it is imperative that you update your base’s firmware with the latest version (select Drivers and follow the instructions describing the download and installation procedure). I just bought an X52, not top of the line at all but this was my first. Control profile for the Thrustmaster Tflight HOTAS X joystick in DCS A-10C with attached diagrams for easy reference, including bonus HOTAS by SOI references. DCS World runs on Windows PC. Oct 12, 2019 · LithiumR. Dec 2, 2023 · Language: English. You can look for a used TWCS or CH Pro Throttle (I prefer the latter) on eBay and probably stay around 200 total. Plug the USB cable from the Throttle into the PC. And is based on my limited experience with the module. Aft. I made a quite complete profile --> see attachment. 2019-01-12: Version 1. 3 - Selects the next missile on the selected rack. me/G Feb 24, 2015 · 3. Lever switch on the joystick always acts as a modifier/ shift key. I've been shopping around and brainstorming which HOTAS setup would most accurately replicate the F-4 Phantom in preparation for the upcoming DCS release. Long. 46 Kb. Also Do I need head tracking, if so should I save up for the track IR 5 or would the delan clip What you'll need to run Digital Combat Simulator. Missile Step ³. Mar 1, 2023 · Quality-control issues around throttle and Z-axis twist. TDC slew) Reply reply. Not ideal but won’t cost you anything. For any switch, knob or button, you can choose between direct position-binds, increment or decrement binds, a toggle or next option, special binds for 2-way or 3-way switches and assignable axis. patreon. The index finger button and end of top of Sale. (otherwise the joystick will not show up in the options menu). I've been using an Xbox controller for the JF-17, and F-16 and it works just fine. Works extremely smoothly and nicely. As everyone’s already said, VKB is the only stick worth buying for a budget level. There should be six in the head of the plug. T. Thanks! Edit:Typo NOW AVAILABLE!Have questions? Please see our FAQ at:https://forum. Now you use your head to point, and the HOTAS for clicking. I wanted some advise on the best HOTAS for a newb at flight sims in general, I am currently looking at buying an x56 because of its price and multitude of switches and axis. 3. If somebody has other profiles or ideas, feel free to post them here. lua" profiles for joystick and throttle to any folder. htmlBASE Feb 7, 2015 · To use these profiles copy the . After that, for DCS specifically, I’d skip the Gladiator and go right to a VKB Gunfighter or Virpil setup with a split throttle (WinWing or Virpil). This is not a full on reprimand-you-for-having-your-navigation-lights-on-when-you-shouldn't-have type outfit here. P-47D Tutorial Playlist: https://www. You should be able to plug in your joystick and boot up dcs,go to options and then controls and use that to assign buttons and axes to actions in the game. The F/A-18C is my main aircraft, so this profile was created around my Hornet profile, if you have the hornet I recommend that profile as well! The throttle pinky button must be Aug 7, 2021 · To install: 1. Tags: Su-25T profile, Joystick. Downloaded: 6277. Uploaded by - flyguy935. Control Profile Thurstmaster Hotas Warthog for F/A-18C Hornet Control Profile Thurstmaster Hotas Warthog for F/A-18C Hornet Settings profile for the F/A-18C Hornet I believe this settings should be good for the beginners. In the options menu click the Controls tab. When I use the Alpha grip (I usually use the CM2 or TM A10/F16 grips), I setup buttons on the analog stick. Dumarey said: Hello all, just bought the recently released VelocityOne Flightstick from Turtle Beach and tried it on DCS. You'll find we foster a laid back atmosphere to learn how to work the various modules available in DCS. The X56 throttle has a very mediocre reputation for build quality. Thank you to Meta PC for sponsoring the insane build in this video! Checkout their custom PC's here: https://www. You don't really have to do anything in the Saitek software. Using TMS as an example I put anything target lock/unlock related for FC3 planes, F-14, F-86, etc on TMS. 0 . though at some point you'll probably want to. I also uploaded a full copy of my saved games "Input" folder containing all my LUA's for anyone that wants to try them out Bind LMB to CMS Switch depress on stick. They both will work. It also boasts a large number of buttons, HAT switches (4-/5 Jan 28, 2022 · Hands-on Controls ( HOTAS) ¶. F In DCS, load, for the throttle, stick and keyboard the required profiles. In total, both cockpits feature around 1000 assignable binds and 200 axis each. Mar 25, 2019 · Huge thank you to John for showing us how he setup his HOTAS for use in the RIO Seat of the DCS: F-14B Tomcat from HeatBlur and another big thank you to Straywolf for helping to set everything up! If you want to contact me with feedback on videos or want to collaborate feel free to join my personal discord here: https://discord. Members Online I am looking into buying a hotas setup for dcs, msfs and possibly star citizen. Suggestions are welcome. 1 for F-15E Strike Eagle - Functional layouts - One Modifier layer - TrackIR and rudder pedals required - Profiles (diff. I am seriously looking at getting into DCS world. I have some time to fly with the Mig-29, but i believe this settings should be good for the beginners. That way I line up tv, index out turns on laser, index pull fire, index out disable and enable laser, regather and the fire. dig Beginner HOTAS setup. Size: 741. * fixed brake button not bound. For an example I eventually landed on trigger being fire/release weapon, and the the rapid fire trigger being pushed away to enable laser. Processor: Intel Core i3 at 2. On 12/2/2022 at 12:25 PM, F. Your control mapping will be a bit different for each aircraft, and you'll want to set them up for your individual preference. Ended up replacing it with the VPC Warbrd base and felt an immediate improvement for formation flying and AAR. The Viper HOTAS Add-On Grip features 19 action buttons in total, plus one 8-way “point of view” hat switch. . com/cha Lets see if we can build an entire DCS: World setup (PC, HOTAS, headtracking, monitor, keyboard and mouse--for less than the price of a new Thrustmaster HOTA Dec 2, 2020 · Learn how to use the HOTAS controls for the F/A-18C Hornet in DCS World. My goal is to have a setup that could be close to simpit accurate for my 2 favorite planes: The F-16 and the F-4, basically complete opposites I know. lua" files (one for stick and one for throttle) to any folder you like. (ex. Buy on Amazon. RMB to the red button on the front of your left throttle. Right-click on this folder and select properties from the context menu. lua files to *:\Users\"your username"\Saved Games\DCS\Config\Input. Mar 30, 2024 · Date - 03/30/2024 03:20:10. UPDATING THE FIRMWARE. ®~V3T~©™ Jul 27, 2022 @ 12:22pm. lolz_lmaos. Jun 26, 2023 · This information is scattered across the Razbam manual, so I sorted thru it all and made a series of charts detailing the function of ALL the HOTAS binds in the Razbam F-15E. #9. Discussion primarily focuses on DCS: World and BMS. Mar 27, 2013 · This is my Profile for the DCS World P-51D Mustang. lua file. 2 - add PBG On/Off for dogfights - add Left Button 2 (RWS / TWS) - small changes Dec 2, 2022 · Members. It can be used with any aircraft in DCS World. There are no Spare Parts available for this Product. Thanks to Virpil for sending the setup in this video for free to review!VIRPIL PRODUCTS:JOYSTICK: https://virpil-controls. If you still have questions browse the topics on the left. There is no commonality between the HOTAS operations on either the A-10, F-18 or F-16. AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core, 16-Thread Desktop Processor. From the Main Menu, click on Options. The F/A-18C is my main aircraft, so this profile was created around my Hornet profile, if you have the hornet I recommend that profile as well! The throttle pinky button must be We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Unzip file containing "diff. Adjustable Stick Force via Advanced 4-Spring System. Unzip file and store the two "diff. Switches on the throttle and stick allow hands-on interface with the fire control system and perform various weapons delivery functions. Flight pedals come up frequently as gear that some recommend. com/playlist?list=PL3kOAM2N1YJfFBHHzkwuRA2vZNKaU6VuJUSEFUL LINKSYOUTUBE CHANNEL MAP: https://www. But can be modified as required. Jan 10, 2019 · Hotas options: The Tm Warthog is a pretty common and popular option, $500 USD ish after tax/shipping typically, used ones are around if you look and are patient too. 0 Port HOTAS (hands on throttle and sticks) > Reviews > Sales > DIY > Pictures > Q&A > Tutorials and everything HOTAS related. Make sure the pins are straight and all ok. 2 - add PBG On/Off for dogfights - add Left Button 2 (RWS / TWS) - small changes Jun 29, 2023 · Type - Device Profiles. com Sep 2, 2019 · 0:00 Description & Use3:23 Invidual Button Uses9:58 Finding Plane Specific Controls Videos10:49 Using Cap's X-56 HOTAS DCS MapsTUTORIALS: https://grimreapers Dec 30, 2020 · #DCS #HOTAS #BeginnersDCS World 2021 | Beginners Guide| F/A-18C: Set up your HOTAS!Getting started is very complicated and i've spent hours looking up what t Apr 20, 2020 · This is essentially my procedure, or the steps I take when I get my hands on a new DCS module to setup my HOTAS/Flight Gear in terms of keybindings and axis Nov 30, 2015 · License: Freeware - Free version, Unlimited distribution. Under the drop down menu tab "Throttle - HOTAS Warthog", select "Load profile" and browse to and select the saved throttle diff. diff. Asus B85 Pro Gamer - 32GB - Intel® Core i5-4460 CPU - SanDisk SDSSDXPS480G Oct 7, 2019 · Software: 2. Thrustmaster software could be better. Once on the right "tab" panel the autostart sequence light exhausts, you can start the second engine. This is NOT a device profile, nor is it advice on how to bind the HOTAS to your set-up. I'd mostly be flying the f-18, f-16 and A-10. Once installed, you’ll see a Saitek Jul 27, 2022 · To run engines you need to have APU on, then start left engine, move the left throttle from off to idle and wait until the engine is on. Fixed weapons on the Black Hawk also aren't happening - there is no unclassified information about the use of these systems and they also depend on other SDK-locked technologies such as FLIR. Report file. The AMD 7950X3D is the best CPU for DCS right now. 4. In drop down menu tab "Joystick - HOTAS Warthog", select "Load profile", browse to unzipped folder and select "Joystick" diff. See full list on gamersdecide. If you're wondering what these pieces of gear are Jun 20, 2023 · Fully Featured HOTAS: Accurate 16-bit aileron and elevator axis with hall-effect sensors. Can anyone point me towards what I should buy. Twin Throttles with Friction Adjuster and Throttle Lock ; Cable Length: 2 m ; System Requirements : Windows 11,10,8. Since most fly more than one module the profiles follow certain rules in order to make transition between modules as smooth and as intuitive as possible: a. For the price difference I would probably recommend the t16000, but you will probably still need your keyboard for a few keybinds. Switches actually work here with On/Off and 3-way positions, since May 3, 2019 · This is my F-14 Tomcat profile for the T16000M HOTAS, it has been created with rudder pedals and TrackIR/VR in mind so rudder, brakes and POV movement are not bound into the HOTAS. 8 GHz or AMD FX. I recently downloaded DCS and bought a HOTAS joystick - Logitech (Saitek) X52 Pro. 2019-03-25: Version 3. Jun 29, 2023 · F-15E DCS: Setting HOTAS Controls | F-15E Lesson 1Digital Combat Simulator, or DCS, is a free-to-play combat flight simulation game developed primarily by Ea Mar 7, 2021 · Posted March 7, 2021 (edited) Lets Share Those HOTAS Profiles. com/playlist?list=PL3kOAM2N1YJd8hmhdhZCLpoPOFTHrRFlJUSEFUL LINKSYOUTUBE CHANNEL MAP: https://www. The Hands-On Controls, sometimes referred to as Hands on Throttle and Stick ( HOTAS ), allows control of key systems while never taking your hands off the flight controls. Profil, X56 HOTAS, X56, SU25T, Su-25T. A 3D PRO would be your next best bet if you want to try a joystick for cheap. It's designed to be a replica of the F-16 stick which is nearly identical to the A-10C stick minus the push down of the CMS. Oct 3, 2019 · I change my own G:\DCS World OpenBeta\Mods\aircraft\F-16C\Cockpit\Scripts\EWS\CMDS\device\CMDS_ALE47. • 5 yr. Graphics: NVIDIA or AMD Videocard (6GB) Best HOTAS Setup for F-4 Phantom. To move the Saved Games folder: 1. Button Assignment Template for the Turtle Beach VelocityOne FlightDeck HOTAS System. b. Mark. Below is a shared google drive with templates supporting the Virpil CM3 Throttle, VKB Gladiator NXTStick and heck even the MSFS2020 yoke for you guys as well. May 7, 2014 · Posted May 21, 2014. Control Profile TM T16000M FCS HOTAS for all Mig-29 Types. Downloaded: 1046. com/Holdi601/JoystickProfiler/tree/master/BuildsLets Play's Vid: https://youtu. Just double click the control you want in DCS and then click the button on the X56 that you want to perform that command (Buttons on the joystick/throttle do NOT have to be associated with a keyboard key). 16000M and the TWCS throttle and T. Link to download my joystick profiles, overview pictures and TrackIR pro Mar 18, 2022 · written down controls mapping guide for the AH-64d Apache. General DCS actions use the same buttons (such as TMS up+Lever for Kneeboard On/Off). Each aircrafts systems are different and use the switches/buttons in different ways. I also have attached my default. Find the Saved Games folder in the following path: C:\Users\Username. And the DCS 'community' has been one of the most supportive & encouraging I've ever experienced. Graphics Frequency Ryzen 7 product line processor for better usability and increased efficiency. If you want more keybind capabilities from your hotas, get the X56. ago. My setup would belong on r/shittybattlestations Also covers flight sticks! Includes: VKB Gladiator NXT EVO, X-52 (PRO), Thustmaster t16000m and Warthog, Turtle Beach VelocityOne, Logitech X-56, Winwing Ori Although we included default control profiles for many popular joysticks and throttles, we could not do them all and you may wish to modify the supplied prof Aug 1, 2019 · 2. Date - 06/29/2023 19:55:45. Connect the stick to the throttle with the PS/2 cable. Apr 30, 2021 · A VR setup is different than a PC Monitor Setup (depending again on aircraft/helo) because in VR you can set up left and right mouse clicks and mouse wheel movements on the X-56 and you don't need to program every function/switch to the joystick. Tags: AH-64D, Apache, EGDevils. Yes it's made of metal and the throttle is okay, but that's about the only thing it has going for it compared to the alternatives. Jul 31, 2016 · In this tutorial I'll show you how to set up your controls for the Tiger F-5E in DCS. Where to put the Files: Put the four files of this Profile, on the folder Program Files (x86)\HOTAS\Files. 1. This is simply a reference of what each control does in the jet. It´s created by using a Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog and Saitek Combat Rudder Pedals (the latter one has only some curves, the Rudder Axis and the differential brakes configured, so it´s not mentioned in the included Picture). 2 - Returns the TDC to the TVV. Go to the game's Options/Controls/F/A-18C Sim. iq rd ij uf kv pu rg dw bs kf